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An economic assessment of tropical cyclone risk on offshore wind farms

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  • Hong, Lixuan
  • Möller, Bernd

Abstract

Frequent tropical cyclones pose great risks and obstacles to the development of offshore wind farms in the coastal regions of China and other areas in the Pacific, where development of wind energy is gaining momentum. This paper aims to identify and evaluate the economic risks of tropical cyclones on offshore wind farms within the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ) of China and help improve decision-making for planners and investors. The risks of tropical cyclone impact in this paper are defined by the statistical extreme wind climate and the annual expected economic losses of offshore wind farms. A probabilistic tropical cyclone event model is applied to evaluate 20-year, 30-year, 50-year and 100-year recurrence of extreme wind speeds by geographical location. Combining a damage model derived from empirical loss data and an investment cost model within a Geographical Information System (GIS), the annual expected economic losses of offshore wind farms from tropical cyclones are evaluated and shown on a spatially continuous risk map. Results are given in terms of annual economic risks and damage losses based on occurrence of an average recurrence interval. Implications on identifying offshore wind potential and cost and setting design parameters for offshore wind turbines are then discussed. The impact of tropical cyclones on offshore wind farms likes a double-edged sword, which might be advantageous for some regions in terms of increasing full-loaded hours of turbines, but also disadvantageous for others due to its destructive effects. However, specific design standards and insurance of turbines would help reduce risks and economic losses of offshore wind farms in tropical cyclone prone areas and expand exploitable locations for future offshore wind farms.

Suggested Citation

  • Hong, Lixuan & Möller, Bernd, 2012. "An economic assessment of tropical cyclone risk on offshore wind farms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 180-192.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:44:y:2012:i:c:p:180-192
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2012.01.010
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hong, Lixuan & Möller, Bernd, 2011. "Offshore wind energy potential in China: Under technical, spatial and economic constraints," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 4482-4491.
    2. Montes, Germán Martínez & Martín, Enrique Prados, 2007. "Profitability of wind energy: Short-term risk factors and possible improvements," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(9), pages 2191-2200, December.
    3. Manwell, J.F. & Elkinton, C.N. & Rogers, A.L. & McGowan, J.G., 2007. "Review of design conditions applicable to offshore wind energy systems in the United States," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(2), pages 210-234, February.
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    4. Ahmed, Noor A. & Cameron, Michael, 2014. "The challenges and possible solutions of horizontal axis wind turbines as a clean energy solution for the future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 439-460.
    5. Jin, Xin & Zhang, Zhaolong & Shi, Xiaoqiang & Ju, Wenbin, 2014. "A review on wind power industry and corresponding insurance market in China: Current status and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 1069-1082.
    6. Tsai, Yu-Ching & Huang, Yu-Fen & Yang, Jing-Tang, 2016. "Strategies for the development of offshore wind technology for far-east countries – A point of view from patent analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 182-194.
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