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Fe–Zn double-metal cyanide complexes catalyzed biodiesel production from high-acid-value oil

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  • Yan, Fang
  • Yuan, Zhenhong
  • Lu, Pengmei
  • Luo, Wen
  • Yang, Lingmei
  • Deng, Li

Abstract

A kind of solid catalyst of Fe(Ⅱ)–Zn double-metal cyanide (DMC) complexes was prepared through co-reaction of potassium ferrocyanide, zinc chloride and complexing agent of tert-butanol. This catalyst was characterized by using several techniques such as XRD, TG/FT-IR, EA, BET and SEM. And it proved to be highly active for the simultaneous transesterification of triglycerides and esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs). Results show that the catalyst has a hybrid-structure comprised of both crystal and amorphous species. Its good water-resistance depends on the amorphous state, which has surface hydrophobicity. Zn2+ may be the active site of catalysis. The effect of various factors on the reaction was also studied, including different co-complexing agents, DMC concentration, reaction temperature, methanol/oil molar ratio, reaction time, water and fatty acid content and so on. The yield rate reached 98% under the optimum conditions, and the recovery rate maintained more than 90% after 10 batches.

Suggested Citation

  • Yan, Fang & Yuan, Zhenhong & Lu, Pengmei & Luo, Wen & Yang, Lingmei & Deng, Li, 2011. "Fe–Zn double-metal cyanide complexes catalyzed biodiesel production from high-acid-value oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 2026-2031.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:36:y:2011:i:7:p:2026-2031
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2010.10.032
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Demirbas, Ayhan, 2007. "Importance of biodiesel as transportation fuel," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 4661-4670, September.
    2. Srivastava, Anjana & Prasad, Ram, 2000. "Triglycerides-based diesel fuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 4(2), pages 111-133, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kumar, Praveen & Matoh, Lev & Srivastava, Vimal Chandra & Štangar, Urška Lavrenčič, 2020. "Synthesis of zinc/ferrocyanide nano-composite catalysts having a high activity for transesterification reaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 946-952.
    2. Wan, Zuraida & Lim, J.K. & Hameed, B.H., 2017. "Chromium–tungsten–manganese oxides for synthesis of fatty acid methyl ester via esterification of palm fatty acid distillate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1989-1997.
    3. Borges, M.E. & Díaz, L., 2012. "Recent developments on heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production by oil esterification and transesterification reactions: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 2839-2849.
    4. Farooq, Muhammad & Ramli, Anita & Naeem, Abdul, 2015. "Biodiesel production from low FFA waste cooking oil using heterogeneous catalyst derived from chicken bones," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 362-368.
    5. Issariyakul, Titipong & Dalai, Ajay K., 2014. "Biodiesel from vegetable oils," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 446-471.

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