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Effects of blending alcohols with poultry fat methyl esters on cold flow properties

Author

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  • Joshi, Hem
  • Moser, Bryan R.
  • Toler, Joe
  • Smith, William F.
  • Walker, Terry

Abstract

The low temperature operability, kinematic viscosity, and acid value of poultry fat methyl esters were improved with addition of ethanol, isopropanol, and butanol with increasing alcohol content. The flash point decreased and moisture content increased upon addition of alcohols to poultry fat methyl esters. The alcohol type did not result in a statistically significant difference in low temperature performance at similar blend ratios in poultry fat methyl esters. In addition, blends of ethanol in poultry fat methyl esters afforded the least viscous mixtures, whereas isopropanol and butanol blends were progressively more viscous, but still within specifications contained in ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. Blends of alcohols in poultry fat methyl esters resulted in failure of the flash point specifications found in ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. Flash points of butanol blends were superior to those of isopropanol and ethanol blends, with the 5vol.% butanol blend exhibiting a flash point (57°C) superior to that of No. 2 diesel fuel (52°C). Blends of alcohols in poultry fat methyl esters resulted in an improvement in acid value with increasing content of alcohol. An increase in moisture content of biodiesel was observed with increasing alcohol content, with the effect being more pronounced in ethanol blends versus isopropanol and butanol blends. Finally, none of the alcohol–methyl ester samples exhibited a phase separation at sub-ambient temperatures.

Suggested Citation

  • Joshi, Hem & Moser, Bryan R. & Toler, Joe & Smith, William F. & Walker, Terry, 2010. "Effects of blending alcohols with poultry fat methyl esters on cold flow properties," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(10), pages 2207-2210.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:35:y:2010:i:10:p:2207-2210
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2010.02.029
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    Cited by:

    1. Vallinayagam, R. & Vedharaj, S. & Yang, W.M. & Roberts, W.L. & Dibble, R.W., 2015. "Feasibility of using less viscous and lower cetane (LVLC) fuels in a diesel engine: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1166-1190.
    2. Misra, R.D. & Murthy, M.S., 2011. "Blending of additives with biodiesels to improve the cold flow properties, combustion and emission performance in a compression ignition engine--A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(5), pages 2413-2422, June.
    3. Obed M. Ali & Talal Yusaf & Rizalman Mamat & Nik R. Abdullah & Abdul Adam Abdullah, 2014. "Influence of Chemical Blends on Palm Oil Methyl Esters’ Cold Flow Properties and Fuel Characteristics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(7), pages 1-17, July.
    4. Ali, Obed M. & Mamat, Rizalman & Abdullah, Nik R. & Abdullah, Abdul Adam, 2016. "Analysis of blended fuel properties and engine performance with palm biodiesel–diesel blended fuel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 59-67.
    5. Monirul, I.M. & Kalam, M.A. & Masjuki, H.H. & Zulkifli, N.W.M. & Shahir, S.A. & Mosarof, M.H. & Ruhul, A.M., 2017. "Influence of poly(methyl acrylate) additive on cold flow properties of coconut biodiesel blends and exhaust gas emissions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 702-712.
    6. Vallinayagam, R. & Vedharaj, S. & Yang, W.M. & Raghavan, V. & Saravanan, C.G. & Lee, P.S. & Chua, K.J.E. & Chou, S.K., 2014. "Investigation of evaporation and engine characteristics of pine oil biofuel fumigated in the inlet manifold of a diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 514-524.
    7. Obed M. Ali & Rizalman Mamat & Gholamhassan Najafi & Talal Yusaf & Seyed Mohammad Safieddin Ardebili, 2015. "Optimization of Biodiesel-Diesel Blended Fuel Properties and Engine Performance with Ether Additive Using Statistical Analysis and Response Surface Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-15, December.
    8. Sorate, Kamalesh A. & Bhale, Purnanand V., 2015. "Biodiesel properties and automotive system compatibility issues," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 777-798.

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