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Development of a fast GC-response factor method to quantify total FAMEs in biodiesel from various fatty acid sources

Author

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  • Silva, Filipe L.
  • Melo, Lucas N.
  • Meneghetti, Simoni M.P.
  • Bortoluzzi, Janaína H.

Abstract

Biodiesel is a renewable energy source that can be employed as an alternative fuel to fossil diesel. Monitoring samples in terms of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) content using gas chromatography (GC) is a useful way to evaluate the quality of biodiesel produced. Fast GC can be used to reduce the time of analysis and consequently the costs, even though the equipment required for this may be expensive. Therefore, we developed and validated a Fast GC-response factor (Fast-GCRF) methodology using a low-priced nonpolar column, flame ionization detection (FID) and a standard chromatograph usually destined for conventional GC separations. The method was validated and applied to the quantification of FAMEs produced from various raw materials (soybean, cottonseed, canola, coconut, palm, sesame, sunflower, castor, corn, macauba, almond, peanut, chia seeds, residual frying oils, and chicken fat), being both selective and robust even when subjected to changes in sample preparation. The Fast GCRF method presented respective maximum relative standard deviation (RSD) values for instrumental precision, repeatability, and intermediate precision of 2.3 %, 3.6 %, and 2.8 %. When compared to conventional GC methodologies, accurate results with high degrees of agreement were obtained using the Fast-GCRF method, within an at least four times shorter analysis time.

Suggested Citation

  • Silva, Filipe L. & Melo, Lucas N. & Meneghetti, Simoni M.P. & Bortoluzzi, Janaína H., 2024. "Development of a fast GC-response factor method to quantify total FAMEs in biodiesel from various fatty acid sources," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:220:y:2024:i:c:s0960148123015720
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2023.119657
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Doppalapudi, A.T. & Azad, A.K. & Khan, M.M.K., 2023. "Advanced strategies to reduce harmful nitrogen-oxide emissions from biodiesel fueled engine," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    2. Hossain, Abul K. & Sharma, Vikas & Ahmad, Gulzar & Awotwe, Tabbi, 2023. "Energy outputs and emissions of biodiesels as a function of coolant temperature and composition," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    3. Ezzati, Rohollah & Ranjbar, Shahram & Soltanabadi, Azim, 2021. "Kinetics models of transesterification reaction for biodiesel production: A theoretical analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 280-296.
    4. Singh, Himmat & Ali, Amjad, 2023. "Esterification as well as transesterification of waste oil using potassium imbued tungstophosphoric acid supported graphene oxide as heterogeneous catalyst: Optimization and kinetic modeling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 422-435.
    5. Costa, Marina Weyl & Oliveira, Amir A.M., 2022. "Social life cycle assessment of feedstocks for biodiesel production in Brazil," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    6. Kodgire, Pravin & Sharma, Anvita & Kachhwaha, Surendra Singh, 2023. "Optimization and kinetics of biodiesel production of Ricinus communis oil and used cottonseed cooking oil employing synchronised ‘ultrasound + microwave’ and heterogeneous CaO catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 320-332.
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