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Statistical evaluation of the epoxidation of esters from vegetable oils and optimization of reaction conditions

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  • Hájek, Martin
  • Kocián, David
  • Douda, Miroslav

Abstract

The increasing glycerol consumption will result in an issue for further applications of methyl esters, which are produced together with glycerol by transesterification of vegetable oils/animal fats on industrial scale. One possibility is the formation of bio-epoxides, which can be used for bio-lubricants, precursors for chemicals or CO2 capture, and so they can replace products from crude oil. Therefore, the mathematical models describing epoxidation of methyl esters, i.e., the influence of reaction conditions (time, temperature, etc.) on the properties of epoxides (iodine and epoxide values, relative conversion to oxirane, etc.) were created/calculated to decrease the production cost. It was found that (i) higher initial iodine value of esters, (ii) higher reaction temperature, (iii) higher concentration of formic acid and (iv) longer reaction time caused more formed epoxides. In contrast, a higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide caused epoxide ring opening and the formation of side products. The catalyst (H2SO4) and the intensity of stirring were statistically insignificant. The drying of epoxides was carried out by distillation and improved by the addition of a small amount of methanol. The models allow the synthesis of epoxides with desired properties, which are biodegradable and nontoxic with variety of applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Hájek, Martin & Kocián, David & Douda, Miroslav, 2023. "Statistical evaluation of the epoxidation of esters from vegetable oils and optimization of reaction conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 157-164.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:213:y:2023:i:c:p:157-164
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2023.05.061
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhang, Wei & Wu, Jinquan & Yu, Senshen & Shen, Ying & Wu, Yamin & Chen, Biqiang & Nie, Kaili & Zhang, Xu, 2020. "Modification and synthesis of low pour point plant-based lubricants with ionic liquid catalysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 1320-1329.
    2. Vávra, Aleš & Hájek, Martin & Kocián, David, 2021. "The influence of vegetable oils composition on separation of transesterification products, especially quality of glycerol," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 262-268.
    3. Farfan-Cabrera, Leonardo Israel & Gallardo-Hernández, Ezequiel Alberto & Gómez-Guarneros, Mario & Pérez-González, José & Godínez-Salcedo, Jesús Gilberto, 2020. "Alteration of lubricity of Jatropha oil used as bio-lubricant for engines due to thermal ageing," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 1197-1204.
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