IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v210y2023icp604-617.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Wave climate and energy resources in American Samoa from a 42-year high-resolution hindcast

Author

Listed:
  • García Medina, Gabriel
  • Yang, Zhaoqing
  • Li, Ning
  • Cheung, Kwok Fai
  • Lutu-McMoore, Elinor

Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of the wave climate and a characterization of the wave energy resources in American Samoa, a U.S. territory covering seven south central Pacific islands and atolls. A numerical wave model based on WAVEWATCH III® and unstructured SWAN was developed, validated, and executed for 1979–2020 to generate a hindcast dataset suitable for resource characterization. Model-data comparisons were performed with measurements collected in situ and from satellite-based altimeters. The model was found to perform well with a bias in significant wave height of −0.14 m and −0.06 m against buoy and altimeters, respectively. The multimodal sea state of American Samoa is investigated by identifying the sources of energy reaching the islands and partitioning the wave spectrum accordingly. The wave resources characterization follows the International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Specifications to be compatible with studies performed for other U.S. regions. The average omnidirectional wave power at 2 km from shore around Tutuila, the main island of American Samoa, is 14 kW/m. Locations east and west of the islands have a more consistent resource throughout the year because the northwest and southwest swells that are dominant during different seasons complement each other.

Suggested Citation

  • García Medina, Gabriel & Yang, Zhaoqing & Li, Ning & Cheung, Kwok Fai & Lutu-McMoore, Elinor, 2023. "Wave climate and energy resources in American Samoa from a 42-year high-resolution hindcast," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 604-617.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:210:y:2023:i:c:p:604-617
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2023.03.031
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096014812300318X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2023.03.031?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robertson, Bryson R.D. & Hiles, Clayton E. & Buckham, Bradley J., 2014. "Characterizing the near shore wave energy resource on the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 665-678.
    2. Arinaga, Randi A. & Cheung, Kwok Fai, 2012. "Atlas of global wave energy from 10 years of reanalysis and hindcast data," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 49-64.
    3. Allahdadi, M. Nabi & Gunawan, Budi & Lai, Jonathan & He, Ruoying & Neary, Vincent S., 2019. "Development and validation of a regional-scale high-resolution unstructured model for wave energy resource characterization along the US East Coast," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 500-511.
    4. García-Medina, Gabriel & Yang, Zhaoqing & Wu, Wei-Cheng & Wang, Taiping, 2021. "Wave resource characterization at regional and nearshore scales for the U.S. Alaska coast based on a 32-year high-resolution hindcast," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 595-612.
    5. Yang, Zhaoqing & García-Medina, Gabriel & Wu, Wei-Cheng & Wang, Taiping, 2020. "Characteristics and variability of the nearshore wave resource on the U.S. West Coast," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    6. Guillou, Nicolas & Chapalain, Georges, 2018. "Annual and seasonal variabilities in the performances of wave energy converters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 812-823.
    7. Yang, Zhaoqing & Neary, Vincent S. & Wang, Taiping & Gunawan, Budi & Dallman, Annie R. & Wu, Wei-Cheng, 2017. "A wave model test bed study for wave energy resource characterization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PA), pages 132-144.
    8. Lin, Yifan & Dong, Sheng & Wang, Zhifeng & Guedes Soares, C., 2019. "Wave energy assessment in the China adjacent seas on the basis of a 20-year SWAN simulation with unstructured grids," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 275-295.
    9. Guillou, Nicolas & Chapalain, Georges, 2015. "Numerical modelling of nearshore wave energy resource in the Sea of Iroise," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 942-953.
    10. Ozkan, Cigdem & Mayo, Talea, 2019. "The renewable wave energy resource in coastal regions of the Florida peninsula," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 530-537.
    11. Defne, Zafer & Haas, Kevin A. & Fritz, Hermann M., 2009. "Wave power potential along the Atlantic coast of the southeastern USA," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(10), pages 2197-2205.
    12. Canals Silander, Miguel F. & García Moreno, Carlos G., 2019. "On the spatial distribution of the wave energy resource in Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 442-451.
    13. Carlo Lo Re & Giorgio Manno & Giuseppe Ciraolo & Giovanni Besio, 2019. "Wave Energy Assessment around the Aegadian Islands (Sicily)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-20, January.
    14. Li, Ning & García-Medina, Gabriel & Cheung, Kwok Fai & Yang, Zhaoqing, 2021. "Wave energy resources assessment for the multi-modal sea state of Hawaii," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 1036-1055.
    15. Ahn, Seongho & Neary, Vincent S. & Allahdadi, Mohammad Nabi & He, Ruoying, 2021. "Nearshore wave energy resource characterization along the East Coast of the United States," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 1212-1224.
    16. Wu, Wei-Cheng & Wang, Taiping & Yang, Zhaoqing & García-Medina, Gabriel, 2020. "Development and validation of a high-resolution regional wave hindcast model for U.S. West Coast wave resource characterization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 736-753.
    17. Lokuliyana, R.L.K. & Folley, M. & Gunawardane, S.D.G.S.P. & Wickramanayake, P.N., 2020. "Sri Lankan wave energy resource assessment and characterisation based on IEC standards," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1255-1272.
    18. García-Medina, Gabriel & Özkan-Haller, H. Tuba & Ruggiero, Peter, 2014. "Wave resource assessment in Oregon and southwest Washington, USA," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 203-214.
    19. Wei-Cheng Wu & Zhaoqing Yang & Taiping Wang, 2018. "Wave Resource Characterization Using an Unstructured Grid Modeling Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-15, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Li, Ning & García Medina, Gabriel & Yang, Zhaoqing & Cheung, Kwok Fai & Hitzl, David & Chen, Yi-Leng, 2023. "Wave climate and energy resources in the Mariana Islands from a 42-year high-resolution hindcast," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    2. Yang, Zhaoqing & García Medina, Gabriel & Neary, Vincent S. & Ahn, Seongho & Kilcher, Levi & Bharath, Aidan, 2023. "Multi-decade high-resolution regional hindcasts for wave energy resource characterization in U.S. coastal waters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 803-817.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Seongho Ahn & Kevin A. Haas & Vincent S. Neary, 2020. "Dominant Wave Energy Systems and Conditional Wave Resource Characterization for Coastal Waters of the United States," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-26, June.
    2. Yang, Zhaoqing & García Medina, Gabriel & Neary, Vincent S. & Ahn, Seongho & Kilcher, Levi & Bharath, Aidan, 2023. "Multi-decade high-resolution regional hindcasts for wave energy resource characterization in U.S. coastal waters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 803-817.
    3. Li, Ning & García Medina, Gabriel & Yang, Zhaoqing & Cheung, Kwok Fai & Hitzl, David & Chen, Yi-Leng, 2023. "Wave climate and energy resources in the Mariana Islands from a 42-year high-resolution hindcast," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    4. Kilcher, Levi & García Medina, Gabriel & Yang, Zhaoqing, 2023. "A scalable wave resource assessment methodology: Application to U.S. waters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    5. Li, Ning & García-Medina, Gabriel & Cheung, Kwok Fai & Yang, Zhaoqing, 2021. "Wave energy resources assessment for the multi-modal sea state of Hawaii," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 1036-1055.
    6. Ahn, Seongho & Haas, Kevin A. & Neary, Vincent S., 2020. "Wave energy resource characterization and assessment for coastal waters of the United States," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    7. Ruth Branch & Gabriel García-Medina & Zhaoqing Yang & Taiping Wang & Fadia Ticona Rollano & Lucia Hosekova, 2021. "Modeling Sea Ice Effects for Wave Energy Resource Assessments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-15, June.
    8. Yang, Zhaoqing & García-Medina, Gabriel & Wu, Wei-Cheng & Wang, Taiping, 2020. "Characteristics and variability of the nearshore wave resource on the U.S. West Coast," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    9. Coe, Ryan G. & Ahn, Seongho & Neary, Vincent S. & Kobos, Peter H. & Bacelli, Giorgio, 2021. "Maybe less is more: Considering capacity factor, saturation, variability, and filtering effects of wave energy devices," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
    10. Guillou, Nicolas & Chapalain, Georges, 2020. "Assessment of wave power variability and exploitation with a long-term hindcast database," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 1272-1282.
    11. Ahn, Seongho & Neary, Vincent S. & Allahdadi, Mohammad Nabi & He, Ruoying, 2021. "Nearshore wave energy resource characterization along the East Coast of the United States," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 1212-1224.
    12. Wu, Wei-Cheng & Wang, Taiping & Yang, Zhaoqing & García-Medina, Gabriel, 2020. "Development and validation of a high-resolution regional wave hindcast model for U.S. West Coast wave resource characterization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 736-753.
    13. Rusu, Liliana, 2022. "The near future expected wave power in the coastal environment of the Iberian Peninsula," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 657-669.
    14. Guillou, Nicolas, 2020. "Estimating wave energy flux from significant wave height and peak period," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 1383-1393.
    15. Fairley, Iain & Lewis, Matthew & Robertson, Bryson & Hemer, Mark & Masters, Ian & Horrillo-Caraballo, Jose & Karunarathna, Harshinie & Reeve, Dominic E., 2020. "A classification system for global wave energy resources based on multivariate clustering," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    16. Lin, Yifan & Dong, Sheng & Wang, Zhifeng & Guedes Soares, C., 2019. "Wave energy assessment in the China adjacent seas on the basis of a 20-year SWAN simulation with unstructured grids," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 275-295.
    17. Delpey, Matthias & Lastiri, Ximun & Abadie, Stéphane & Roeber, Volker & Maron, Philippe & Liria, Pedro & Mader, Julien, 2021. "Characterization of the wave resource variability in the French Basque coastal area based on a high-resolution hindcast," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 79-95.
    18. Ahn, Seongho & Neary, Vincent S. & Ha, Taemin, 2023. "A practical method for modeling temporally-averaged ocean wave frequency-directional spectra for characterizing wave energy climates," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 499-511.
    19. Zhang, Na & Li, Shuai & Wu, Yongsheng & Wang, Keh-Han & Zhang, Qinghe & You, Zai-Jin & Wang, Jin, 2020. "Effects of sea ice on wave energy flux distribution in the Bohai Sea," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 2330-2343.
    20. Beya, Ignacio & Buckham, Bradley & Robertson, Bryson, 2021. "Impact of tidal currents and model fidelity on wave energy resource assessments," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 50-66.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:210:y:2023:i:c:p:604-617. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.