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Spatial analysis of indicators affecting the exploitation of shallow geothermal energy at European scale

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  • Ramos-Escudero, Adela
  • García-Cascales, M. Socorro
  • Cuevas, Jose M.
  • Sanner, Burkhard
  • Urchueguía, Javier F.

Abstract

Shallow Geothermal Energy (SGE) exploited by vertical close loop Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHP) is a proven, reliable, and widespread renewable heating and cooling technology. However, in many regions there is still a lack of awareness among policy makers and end users, constituting a major constraint to wider deployment of SGE. In order to contribute to its market consolidation, this work focuses on bringing to light relevant spatial information affecting the suitability of SGE exploitation. This information is the result of the systematization of geological, climatic, and environmental open and available data translated into performance indicators. A set of thematic maps was created using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) comprising the European Member States and other European countries. The relative area and the amount of population affected per indicator was spatially analyzed to determine the most common values found and the affected population. The relationship between area percentage and population affected percentage per indicator was also analyzed and allowed to identify the most common indicators values in areas where high energy demands are expected. Additionally, an example of how this data can be used into a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) framework is shown.

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  • Ramos-Escudero, Adela & García-Cascales, M. Socorro & Cuevas, Jose M. & Sanner, Burkhard & Urchueguía, Javier F., 2021. "Spatial analysis of indicators affecting the exploitation of shallow geothermal energy at European scale," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 266-281.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:167:y:2021:i:c:p:266-281
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.081
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    4. Ömer Kaya & Kadir Diler Alemdar & Tiziana Campisi & Ahmet Tortum & Merve Kayaci Çodur, 2021. "The Development of Decarbonisation Strategies: A Three-Step Methodology for the Suitable Analysis of Current EVCS Locations Applied to Istanbul, Turkey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-21, May.
    5. Galgaro, A. & Di Sipio, E. & Carrera, A. & Dalla Santa, G. & Escudero, A. Ramos & Cuevas, J.M. & Pasquali, R. & Sanner, B. & Bernardi, A., 2022. "European and municipal scale drillability maps: A tool to identify the most suitable techniques to install borehole heat exchangers (BHE) probes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 188-199.
    6. Makasis, Nikolas & Gu, Xiaoying & Kreitmair, Monika J. & Narsilio, Guillermo A. & Choudhary, Ruchi, 2023. "Geothermal pavements: A city-scale investigation on providing sustainable heating for the city of Cardiff, UK," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    7. Cristina Sáez Blázquez & Ignacio Martín Nieto & Javier Carrasco García & Pedro Carrasco García & Arturo Farfán Martín & Diego González-Aguilera, 2023. "Comparative Analysis of Ground Source and Air Source Heat Pump Systems under Different Conditions and Scenarios," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-16, January.
    8. Hans Schwarz & Nikola Jocic & David Bertermann, 2022. "Development of a Calculation Concept for Mapping Specific Heat Extraction for Very Shallow Geothermal Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-18, April.
    9. Puppala, Harish & Arora, Manoj Kumar & Garlapati, Nagababu & Bheemaraju, Amarnath, 2023. "GIS-MCDM based framework to evaluate site suitability and CO2 mitigation potential of earth-air-heat exchanger: A case study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    10. Hu, Ziyuan & Gao, Zongjun & Xu, Xiqiang & Fang, Shaoyan & Zhou, Liangyu & Ji, Deshuai & Li, Fuquan & Feng, Jianguo & Wang, Min, 2022. "Suitability zoning of buried pipe ground source heat pump and shallow geothermal resource evaluation of Linqu County, Shandong Province, China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 1430-1439.
    11. Mohd Alsaleh & Xiaohui Wang, 2023. "How Does Information and Communication Technology Affect Geothermal Energy Sustainability?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-21, January.

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