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Smart catalyst deposition by 3D printing for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell manufacturing

Author

Listed:
  • Cannio, Maria
  • Righi, Stefania
  • Santangelo, Paolo E.
  • Romagnoli, Marcello
  • Pedicini, Rolando
  • Carbone, Alessandra
  • Gatto, Irene

Abstract

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are arguably the most employed fuel-cell types in various industry sectors, as they operate at low temperature and exhibit short start-up time and high durability. PEMFC manufacturing is currently transitioning from low-volume to mass production. Within this effort, efficient catalyst deposition to produce MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly) electrodes has become instrumental, since very expensive raw materials are involved. This work focuses on an Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique – a modified 3D printing approach – used to release catalytic inks onto PEMFC electrodes. Some catalyst-free suspensions were designed to resemble a catalytic ink and characterized to assess their printability by microextrusion. Mixtures of distilled water, ethanol and graphite were prepared and tested. Granulometric and rheometric analyses were conducted to optimize the composition towards low viscosity values and short drying time. Repeatability of the released amount and its homogeneousness onto the target surface were evaluated. The most suitable ink formulation was loaded with platinum, a perfluorosulfonic ionomer, a pore former (NH4CO3) and deposited onto Gas Diffusion Layers (GDL). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) measurements were performed on the 3D-printed electrodes to characterize it. Preliminary electrochemical fuel-cell tests were carried out towards a comparison with conventional electrodes: the proposed deposition technique appears able to produce electrodes that align with state-of-the-art performance level.

Suggested Citation

  • Cannio, Maria & Righi, Stefania & Santangelo, Paolo E. & Romagnoli, Marcello & Pedicini, Rolando & Carbone, Alessandra & Gatto, Irene, 2021. "Smart catalyst deposition by 3D printing for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell manufacturing," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 414-422.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:163:y:2021:i:c:p:414-422
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.08.064
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. De las Heras, A. & Vivas, F.J. & Segura, F. & Andújar, J.M., 2018. "From the cell to the stack. A chronological walk through the techniques to manufacture the PEFCs core," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 29-45.
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    Cited by:

    1. Taehyoung Noh & Kayoung Park & Ruijing Gao & Naoki Kimura & Gen Inoue & Yoshifumi Tsuge, 2022. "Effect of Double-Sided 3D Patterned Cathode Catalyst Layers on Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-15, February.
    2. Rolando Pedicini & Marcello Romagnoli & Paolo E. Santangelo, 2023. "A Critical Review of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Systems for Automotive Applications: Components, Materials, and Comparative Assessment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-28, March.

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