IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/quaeco/v80y2021icp627-634.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The impact of order flow on event study returns: New evidence from zero-leverage firms

Author

Listed:
  • Zhang, Sijia
  • Gregoriou, Andros

Abstract

We empirically examine the initial loan announcement period of 96 zero-leverage firms listed on the FTSE 350 index. Our research demonstrates that there is a clear tendency that trades are executed at the ask price during the initial loan announcement period, which are regarded as favorable firm-level news. Similar results are observed for subsamples formed on the basis of trade size. Order flow disruption causes a bias in the calculation of returns around the company event announcement.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Sijia & Gregoriou, Andros, 2021. "The impact of order flow on event study returns: New evidence from zero-leverage firms," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 627-634.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:quaeco:v:80:y:2021:i:c:p:627-634
    DOI: 10.1016/j.qref.2021.04.014
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1062976921000764
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.qref.2021.04.014?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lummer, Scott L. & McConnell, John J., 1989. "Further evidence on the bank lending process and the capital-market response to bank loan agreements," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 99-122, November.
    2. Levi, Shai & Zhang, Xiao-Jun, 2015. "Asymmetric decrease in liquidity trading before earnings announcements and the announcement return premium," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(2), pages 383-398.
    3. Dang, Viet Anh, 2013. "An empirical analysis of zero-leverage firms: New evidence from the UK," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 189-202.
    4. Brown, Philip & Walsh, David & Yuen, Andrea, 1997. "The interaction between order imbalance and stock price," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 5(5), pages 539-557, December.
    5. Lo, Kevin & Coggins, Richard, 2006. "Effects of order flow imbalance on short-horizon contrarian strategies in the Australian equity market," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 291-310, June.
    6. Lee, Charles M C & Ready, Mark J, 1991. "Inferring Trade Direction from Intraday Data," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 46(2), pages 733-746, June.
    7. Lease, Ronald C & Masulis, Ronald W & Page, John R, 1991. "An Investigation of Market Microstructure Impacts on Event Study Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 46(4), pages 1523-1536, September.
    8. Bessler, Wolfgang & Drobetz, Wolfgang & Haller, Rebekka & Meier, Iwan, 2013. "The international zero-leverage phenomenon," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 196-221.
    9. Andros Gregoriou, 2008. "The asymmetry of the price impact of block trades and the bid‐ask spread," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 35(2), pages 191-199, May.
    10. Zhang, Ting & Gu, Gao-Feng & Zhou, Wei-Xing, 2019. "Order imbalances and market efficiency: New evidence from the Chinese stock market," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 458-467.
    11. Lee, Charles M. C., 1992. "Earnings news and small traders : An intraday analysis," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(2-3), pages 265-302, August.
    12. Chan, Louis K. C. & Lakonishok, Josef, 1993. "Institutional trades and intraday stock price behavior," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 173-199, April.
    13. Strebulaev, Ilya A. & Yang, Baozhong, 2013. "The mystery of zero-leverage firms," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(1), pages 1-23.
    14. Hasbrouck, Joel & Seppi, Duane J., 2001. "Common factors in prices, order flows, and liquidity," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(3), pages 383-411, March.
    15. Berger, Allen N & Udell, Gregory F, 1995. "Relationship Lending and Lines of Credit in Small Firm Finance," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 68(3), pages 351-381, July.
    16. Sijia Zhang & Andros Gregoriou, 2019. "Initial bank loans, zero-leverage firms and stock market liquidity," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 46(5), pages 1028-1051, August.
    17. repec:bla:jfinan:v:44:y:1989:i:4:p:827-48 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. Chordia, Tarun & Subrahmanyam, Avanidhar, 2004. "Order imbalance and individual stock returns: Theory and evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(3), pages 485-518, June.
    19. Charles J. Hadlock & Joshua R. Pierce, 2010. "New Evidence on Measuring Financial Constraints: Moving Beyond the KZ Index," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(5), pages 1909-1940.
    20. Bissoondoyal-Bheenick, Emawtee & Brooks, Robert & Do, Hung Xuan, 2019. "Asymmetric relationship between order imbalance and realized volatility: Evidence from the Australian market," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 309-320.
    21. Kim, Sukwon Thomas & Stoll, Hans R., 2014. "Are trading imbalances indicative of private information?," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 151-174.
    22. Sadok El Ghoul & Omrane Guedhami & Chuck Kwok & Xiaolan Zheng, 2018. "Zero-Leverage Puzzle: An International Comparison," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 22(3), pages 1063-1120.
    23. Alzahrani, Ahmed A. & Gregoriou, Andros & Hudson, Robert, 2013. "Price impact of block trades in the Saudi stock market," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 322-341.
    24. Yufeng Han & David Lesmond, 2011. "Liquidity Biases and the Pricing of Cross-sectional Idiosyncratic Volatility," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 24(5), pages 1590-1629.
    25. Tarun Chordia & Jianfeng Hu & Avanidhar Subrahmanyam & Qing Tong, 2019. "Order Flow Volatility and Equity Costs of Capital," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 65(4), pages 1520-1551, April.
    26. Kaul, Gautam & Nimalendran, M., 1990. "Price reversals *1: Bid-ask errors or market overreaction?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(1-2), pages 67-93.
    27. Zhang, Sijia & Gregoriou, Andros, 2019. "The price behavior around initial loan announcements: Evidence from zero-leverage firms in the UK," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 191-200.
    28. Gosnell, Thomas F. & Keown, Arthur J. & Pinkerton, John M., 1996. "The intraday speed of stock price adjustment to major dividend changes: Bid-ask bounce and order flow imbalances," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 247-266, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhang, Sijia & Gregoriou, Andros & Wu, He, 2024. "Asymmetric post earnings announcement drift and order flow imbalance: The impact on stock market returns," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    2. Zhang, Sijia & Gregoriou, Andros, 2019. "The price behavior around initial loan announcements: Evidence from zero-leverage firms in the UK," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 191-200.
    3. Uz Zaman, Qamar & Ehsan, Sadaf & Hassan, Mohammad Kabir & Javed, Muzhar & Ul Hassan, Syed Iftikhar, 2022. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Zero Leverage," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 56(1), pages 33-46.
    4. Morais, Flávio & Serrasqueiro, Zélia & Ramalho, Joaquim J.S., 2020. "The zero-leverage phenomenon: A bivariate probit with partial observability approach," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    5. Jeffrey R. Black & Pankaj K. Jain & Wei Sun, 2023. "Trade-time clustering," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 60(3), pages 1209-1242, April.
    6. Ting Zhang & George J. Jiang & Wei‐Xing Zhou, 2021. "Order imbalance and stock returns: New evidence from the Chinese stock market," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 61(2), pages 2809-2836, June.
    7. Armanious, Amir & Zhao, Ruoyun, 2024. "Stock liquidity effect on leverage: The role of debt security, financial constraint, and risk around the global financial crisis and Covid-19 pandemic," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    8. Michael Espindola Araki & Henrique Castro Martins, 2022. "Integrating uncertainty and governance into a capital structure puzzle: can risk-taking and rule-taking explain zero-leverage firms?," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 16(6), pages 1979-2034, August.
    9. Chordia, Tarun & Roll, Richard & Subrahmanyam, Avanidhar, 2008. "Liquidity and market efficiency," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 249-268, February.
    10. Chipeta, Chimwemwe & Aftab, Nadeem & Machokoto, Michael, 2021. "The implications of financial conservatism for African firms," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).
    11. Sardo, Filipe & Serrasqueiro, Zélia & Armada, Manuel Rocha, 2024. "Is the zero-leverage policy a persistent phenomenon? Evidence from Portuguese SMEs," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    12. Morais, Flávio & Serrasqueiro, Zélia & Ramalho, Joaquim J.S., 2022. "Capital structure speed of adjustment heterogeneity across zero leverage and leveraged European firms," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    13. Maria Kokoreva & Anastasia Stepanova & Kirill Povk, 2017. "Could High-Tech Companies Learn from Others While Choosing Capital Structure?," HSE Working papers WP BRP 62/FE/2017, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
    14. Attaoui, Sami & Cao, Wenbin & Duan, Xiaoman & Liu, Hening, 2021. "Optimal capital structure, ambiguity aversion, and leverage puzzles," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    15. Michael Weigerding & Michael Hanke, 2018. "Drivers of seasonal return patterns in German stocks," Business Research, Springer;German Academic Association for Business Research, vol. 11(1), pages 173-196, February.
    16. Jiang, Wenwen & Kang, Jangkoo & Kim, Hwa-Sung, 2024. "Is the zero-leverage policy value-enhancing?," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 176-189.
    17. Murphy Jun Jie Lee, 2013. "The Microstructure of Trading Processes on the Singapore Exchange," PhD Thesis, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney, number 2-2013, January-A.
    18. Liu, Duan & Li, Zhiyuan & He, Hongbo & Hou, Wenxuan, 2021. "The determinants of R&D smoothing with asset sales: Evidence from R&D-intensive firms in China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 76-93.
    19. Bigelli, Marco & Martín-Ugedo, Juan Francisco & Sánchez-Vidal, F. Javier, 2014. "Financial conservatism of private firms," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(11), pages 2419-2427.
    20. Chordia, Tarun & Roll, Richard & Subrahmanyam, Avanidhar, 2002. "Order imbalance, liquidity, and market returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(1), pages 111-130, July.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Order flow ratio; Liquidity; Bid-ask spread; Bid-ask bounce;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:quaeco:v:80:y:2021:i:c:p:627-634. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/620167 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.