IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/proeco/v165y2015icp120-131.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Supplier encroachment in competitive supply chains

Author

Listed:
  • Li, Tingting
  • Xie, Jinxing
  • Zhao, Xiaobo

Abstract

With the development of e-commerce, wholesale suppliers have opportunities to establish their own direct channels, competing with their retailing channels. It is often referred to as supplier encroachment. While many papers have analyzed encroachment of a monopolistic supplier, none of them study supplier encroachment in competitive supply chains. We first study the case with two non-identical supply chains, and then analyze the case with multiple identical supply chains. We show that, in both cases, the number of the encroaching suppliers in equilibrium decreases monotonically as the operational disadvantages of the suppliers become more significant. We find that there may exist the prisoner׳s dilemma phenomenon for the suppliers. Furthermore, encroachment may lead to the “lose–lose” outcome for the suppliers and the retailers. We also explore the efficiency of the suppliers, the retailers and the whole system under encroachment relative to the non-encroachment situation.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Tingting & Xie, Jinxing & Zhao, Xiaobo, 2015. "Supplier encroachment in competitive supply chains," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 120-131.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:proeco:v:165:y:2015:i:c:p:120-131
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.03.023
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925527315000912
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.03.023?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chiang, Wei-yu Kevin, 2010. "Product availability in competitive and cooperative dual-channel distribution with stock-out based substitution," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 200(1), pages 111-126, January.
    2. Tomomichi Mizuno, 2012. "Direct Marketing in Oligopoly," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(2), pages 373-397, June.
    3. Cai, Gangshu (George) & Zhang, Zhe George & Zhang, Michael, 2009. "Game theoretical perspectives on dual-channel supply chain competition with price discounts and pricing schemes," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(1), pages 80-96, January.
    4. Xu, Guangye & Dan, Bin & Zhang, Xumei & Liu, Can, 2014. "Coordinating a dual-channel supply chain with risk-averse under a two-way revenue sharing contract," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(PA), pages 171-179.
    5. Yunchuan Liu & Z. John Zhang, 2006. "Research Note—The Benefits of Personalized Pricing in a Channel," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 25(1), pages 97-105, 01-02.
    6. Nanda Kumar & Ranran Ruan, 2006. "On manufacturers complementing the traditional retail channel with a direct online channel," Quantitative Marketing and Economics (QME), Springer, vol. 4(3), pages 289-323, September.
    7. Seifert, Ralf W. & Thonemann, Ulrich W. & Sieke, Marcel A., 2006. "Integrating direct and indirect sales channels under decentralized decision-making," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(1), pages 209-229, September.
    8. Wu, Desheng & Baron, Opher & Berman, Oded, 2009. "Bargaining in competing supply chains with uncertainty," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 197(2), pages 548-556, September.
    9. K. Sridhar Moorthy, 1988. "Strategic Decentralization in Channels," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 7(4), pages 335-355.
    10. Anderson, Edward J. & Bao, Yong, 2010. "Price competition with integrated and decentralized supply chains," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 200(1), pages 227-234, January.
    11. Timothy W. McGuire & Richard Staelin, 1983. "An Industry Equilibrium Analysis of Downstream Vertical Integration," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 2(2), pages 161-191.
    12. Chen, Jing & Zhang, Hui & Sun, Ying, 2012. "Implementing coordination contracts in a manufacturer Stackelberg dual-channel supply chain," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 40(5), pages 571-583.
    13. Lu, Qihui & Liu, Nan, 2015. "Effects of e-commerce channel entry in a two-echelon supply chain: A comparative analysis of single- and dual-channel distribution systems," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 100-111.
    14. Anil Arya & Brian Mittendorf & David E. M. Sappington, 2007. "The Bright Side of Supplier Encroachment," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 26(5), pages 651-659, 09-10.
    15. Anne T. Coughlan, 1985. "Competition and Cooperation in Marketing Channel Choice: Theory and Application," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 4(2), pages 110-129.
    16. Kay-Yut Chen & Murat Kaya & Özalp Özer, 2008. "Dual Sales Channel Management with Service Competition," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 10(4), pages 654-675, June.
    17. Dumrongsiri, Aussadavut & Fan, Ming & Jain, Apurva & Moinzadeh, Kamran, 2008. "A supply chain model with direct and retail channels," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 187(3), pages 691-718, June.
    18. Geng, Qin & Mallik, Suman, 2007. "Inventory competition and allocation in a multi-channel distribution system," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 182(2), pages 704-729, October.
    19. Terrence Hendershott & Jie Zhang, 2006. "A Model of Direct and Intermediated Sales," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(2), pages 279-316, June.
    20. Xie, Wenming & Jiang, Zhibin & Zhao, Yingxue & Hong, Junjie, 2014. "Capacity planning and allocation with multi-channel distribution," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(PA), pages 108-116.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chen, Jingxian & Liang, Liang & Yao, Dong-Qing & Sun, Shengnan, 2017. "Price and quality decisions in dual-channel supply chains," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 259(3), pages 935-948.
    2. Zhang, Xuefeng & Li, Guo & Liu, Mengqi & Sethi, Suresh P., 2021. "Online platform service investment: A bane or a boon for supplier encroachment," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    3. Tahirov, Nail & Glock, Christoph H., 2022. "Manufacturer encroachment and channel conflicts: A systematic review of the literature," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 302(2), pages 403-426.
    4. Xue, Musen & Zhang, Jianxiong & Zhu, Guowei, 2020. "Quantity decision timing with spillover effect and asymmetric demand information," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    5. Syed Asif Raza, 2022. "A bibliometric analysis of pricing models in supply chain," Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(2), pages 228-251, April.
    6. Raza, Syed Asif & Govindaluri, Srikrishna Madhumohan, 2019. "Pricing strategies in a dual-channel green supply chain with cannibalization and risk aversion," Operations Research Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 6(C).
    7. Hu, Yihong & Qu, Shengnan & Li, Guo & Sethi, Suresh P., 2021. "Power structure and channel integration strategy for online retailers," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 294(3), pages 951-964.
    8. Matsui, Kenji, 2017. "When should a manufacturer set its direct price and wholesale price in dual-channel supply chains?," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 258(2), pages 501-511.
    9. Matsui, Kenji, 2020. "Optimal bargaining timing of a wholesale price for a manufacturer with a retailer in a dual-channel supply chain," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 287(1), pages 225-236.
    10. Ciwei Dong & Liu Yang & Chi To Ng, 2020. "Quantity Leadership for a Dual-Channel Supply Chain with Retail Service," Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research (APJOR), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 37(02), pages 1-32, March.
    11. Li, Bo & Hou, Peng-Wen & Chen, Ping & Li, Qing-Hua, 2016. "Pricing strategy and coordination in a dual channel supply chain with a risk-averse retailer," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 154-168.
    12. Yan, Yingchen & Zhao, Ruiqing & Xing, Tiantian, 2019. "Strategic introduction of the marketplace channel under dual upstream disadvantages in sales efficiency and demand information," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 273(3), pages 968-982.
    13. Niu, Baozhuang & Li, Qiyang & Mu, Zihao & Chen, Lei & Ji, Ping, 2021. "Platform logistics or self-logistics? Restaurants’ cooperation with online food-delivery platform considering profitability and sustainability," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    14. Zhang, Yumeng & Hezarkhani, Behzad, 2021. "Competition in dual-channel supply chains: The manufacturers' channel selection," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 291(1), pages 244-262.
    15. Jianhua Ma & Xingzheng Ai & Wen Yang & Yanchun Pan, 2019. "Decentralization versus coordination in competing supply chains under retailers’ extended warranties," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 275(2), pages 485-510, April.
    16. T. M. Rofin & Biswajit Mahanty, 2018. "Optimal dual-channel supply chain configuration for product categories with different customer preference of online channel," Electronic Commerce Research, Springer, vol. 18(3), pages 507-536, September.
    17. Yuyan Wang & Zhaoqing Yu & Liang Shen & Yan Ge & Jing Li, 2018. "Different Dominant Models and Fairness Concern of E-Supply Chain," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2018, pages 1-13, December.
    18. Chen, Jingxian & Liang, Liang & Yao, Dong-qing, 2019. "Factory encroachment and channel selection in an outsourced supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 73-83.
    19. Ding, Qing & Dong, Ciwei & Pan, Zhicong, 2016. "A hierarchical pricing decision process on a dual-channel problem with one manufacturer and one retailer," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 197-212.
    20. Matsui, Kenji, 2022. "Should a retailer bargain over a wholesale price with a manufacturer using a dual-channel supply chain?," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 300(3), pages 1050-1066.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:proeco:v:165:y:2015:i:c:p:120-131. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ijpe .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.