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Perceptual security of encrypted images based on wavelet scaling analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Vargas-Olmos, C.
  • Murguía, J.S.
  • Ramírez-Torres, M.T.
  • Mejía Carlos, M.
  • Rosu, H.C.
  • González-Aguilar, H.

Abstract

The scaling behavior of the pixel fluctuations of encrypted images is evaluated by using the detrended fluctuation analysis based on wavelets, a modern technique that has been successfully used recently for a wide range of natural phenomena and technological processes. As encryption algorithms, we use the Advanced Encryption System (AES) in RBT mode and two versions of a cryptosystem based on cellular automata, with the encryption process applied both fully and partially by selecting different bitplanes. In all cases, the results show that the encrypted images in which no understandable information can be visually appreciated and whose pixels look totally random present a persistent scaling behavior with the scaling exponent α close to 0.5, implying no correlation between pixels when the DFA with wavelets is applied. This suggests that the scaling exponents of the encrypted images can be used as a perceptual security criterion in the sense that when their values are close to 0.5 (the white noise value) the encrypted images are more secure also from the perceptual point of view.

Suggested Citation

  • Vargas-Olmos, C. & Murguía, J.S. & Ramírez-Torres, M.T. & Mejía Carlos, M. & Rosu, H.C. & González-Aguilar, H., 2016. "Perceptual security of encrypted images based on wavelet scaling analysis," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 456(C), pages 22-30.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:456:y:2016:i:c:p:22-30
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2016.03.008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alvarez-Ramirez, Jose & Rodriguez, Eduardo & Cervantes, Ilse & Carlos Echeverria, Juan, 2006. "Scaling properties of image textures: A detrending fluctuation analysis approach," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 361(2), pages 677-698.
    2. Murguía, J.S. & Rosu, H.C., 2012. "Multifractal analyses of row sum signals of elementary cellular automata," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 391(13), pages 3638-3649.
    3. Murguía, J.S. & Rosu, H.C. & Jimenez, A. & Gutiérrez-Medina, B. & García-Meza, J.V., 2015. "The Hurst exponents of Nitzschia sp. diatom trajectories observed by light microscopy," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 417(C), pages 176-184.
    4. Manimaran, P. & Panigrahi, Prasanta K. & Parikh, Jitendra C., 2009. "Multiresolution analysis of fluctuations in non-stationary time series through discrete wavelets," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 388(12), pages 2306-2314.
    5. Kantelhardt, Jan W. & Zschiegner, Stephan A. & Koscielny-Bunde, Eva & Havlin, Shlomo & Bunde, Armin & Stanley, H.Eugene, 2002. "Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis of nonstationary time series," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 316(1), pages 87-114.
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