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Understanding the cost of establishing marine protected areas

Author

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  • McCrea-Strub, Ashley
  • Zeller, Dirk
  • Rashid Sumaila, Ussif
  • Nelson, Jay
  • Balmford, Andrew
  • Pauly, Daniel

Abstract

While the recurrent cost of managing marine protected areas (MPAs) has been documented and estimated, there has been virtually no attempt to quantify the cost of establishing MPAs in the first place. This lack of attention is likely the result of the complexity of the process, involving often uncoordinated efforts of a multitude of governmental and non-governmental entities over a protracted period of time with no clear start and end-point. Using information gathered from a representative subset of MPAs worldwide, this paper presents the first attempt to identify and describe the various components, and explore potential predictors of the total funds spent in the course of establishment. The thirteen MPAs studied vary in size (from 360,000 km2), location (including near- and offshore in both developed and developing countries), objectives and degree of protection. Variation in MPA start-up costs is shown to be most significantly related to both MPA size and the duration of the establishment phase. Development of a method to estimate the potential cost of establishing proposed MPAs should play a crucial role in the conservation planning process.

Suggested Citation

  • McCrea-Strub, Ashley & Zeller, Dirk & Rashid Sumaila, Ussif & Nelson, Jay & Balmford, Andrew & Pauly, Daniel, 2011. "Understanding the cost of establishing marine protected areas," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 1-9, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:marpol:v:35:y:2011:i:1:p:1-9
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Jun-Ya Liu & Qun-Ji Li & Gary Sigley & Hua Quan, 2021. "How Will the Cost Change after Transformation in Public Nature-Based Attractions? A Framework and Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-14, June.
    2. Dahmouni, Ilyass & Sumaila, Rashid U., 2023. "A dynamic game model for no-take marine reserves," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 481(C).
    3. Evan Artis & Noella J Gray & Lisa M Campbell & Rebecca L Gruby & Leslie Acton & Sarah Bess Zigler & Lillian Mitchell, 2020. "Stakeholder perspectives on large-scale marine protected areas," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(9), pages 1-17, September.
    4. Rojas-Nazar, U.A. & Cullen, R. & Gardner, J.P.A. & Bell, J.J., 2015. "Marine reserve establishment and on-going management costs: A case study from New Zealand," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 216-224.
    5. Yunzhou Li & Ming Sun & Chongliang Zhang & Yunlei Zhang & Binduo Xu & Yiping Ren & Yong Chen, 2020. "Evaluating fisheries conservation strategies in the socio-ecological system: A grid-based dynamic model to link spatial conservation prioritization tools with tactical fisheries management," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(4), pages 1-19, April.
    6. Gormley, Kate S.G. & McWhinnie, Lauren H. & Porter, Joanne S. & Hull, Angela D. & Fernandes, Teresa F. & Sanderson, William G., 2014. "Can management effort be predicted for marine protected areas? New considerations for network design," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 138-146.
    7. Veronica Relano & Tiffany Mak & Shelumiel Ortiz & Daniel Pauly, 2022. "Stakeholder Perceptions Can Distinguish ‘Paper Parks’ from Marine Protected Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-12, August.
    8. Craig Leisher, 2014. "A Comparison of Tablet-Based and Paper-Based Survey Data Collection in Conservation Projects," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 3(2), pages 1-8, May.
    9. repec:ags:aaea22:335483 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Diego Juffe-Bignoli & Thomas M Brooks & Stuart H M Butchart & Richard B Jenkins & Kaia Boe & Michael Hoffmann & Ariadne Angulo & Steve Bachman & Monika Böhm & Neil Brummitt & Kent E Carpenter & Pat J , 2016. "Assessing the Cost of Global Biodiversity and Conservation Knowledge," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(8), pages 1-22, August.
    11. Levrel, Harold & Jacob, Céline & Bailly, Denis & Charles, Mahe & Guyader, Olivier & Aoubid, Schéhérazade & Bas, Adeline & Cujus, Alexia & Frésard, Marjolaine & Girard, Sophie & Hay, Julien & Laurans, , 2014. "The maintenance costs of marine natural capital: A case study from the initial assessment of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive in France," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 37-47.
    12. Jones, Peter JS Dr & De Santo, Elizabeth M, 2016. "Viewpoint – Is the race for remote, very large marine protected areas (VLMPAs) taking us down the wrong track?," MarXiv haqc3, Center for Open Science.
    13. Fitzpatrick, Luke & Parmeter, Christopher F. & Agar, Juan, 2019. "Approaches for visualizing uncertainty in benefit transfer from metaregression," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 1-1.
    14. Abdul Halik & Marco Verweij & Achim Schlüter, 2018. "How Marine Protected Areas Are Governed: A Cultural Theory Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-23, January.

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