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(Neo-)segregation, (neo-)racism, and one-city two-system planning in Windhoek, Namibia: What can a new national urban policy do?

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  • Kohima, Jennilee Magdalena
  • Chigbu, Uchendu Eugene
  • Mazambani, Malcon Liyali
  • Mabakeng, Menare Royal

Abstract

Namibia’s urban problems are traceable to the colonial-era planning system — a system that was based on spatial and racial segregation to the disadvantage of local communities. This article presents ideas on what planning authorities can do to ensure that its capital city, Windhoek, becomes inclusive for all residents. Through visual analysis, the article illustrates the Windhoek planning structure reflecting a one-city two-system (OCTS) approach. The more socio-economically viable amenities are still found east of the city’s western bypass. The segregation is now based more on the economic rather than racial lines. This implies racism currently manifests itself in new forms (neo-racism) and does not necessarily adhere to the concept of a hierarchy of races. The manifestation of neo-racism reflects in the current planning approaches as they still maintain the historical precedence. Following these concerns, the authors explore the role of Namibia’s forthcoming urban policy in addressing this OCTS concern in Windhoek. They argued ways to desegregate the OCTS for inclusivity in Windhoek. Some of their outlined measures include conducting legislative reviews to decolonise apartheid-era legislation/policies, engaging in inclusive urban land/housing delivery, enforcing tenure security for informal settlements, introducing (re)education initiatives in urban planning, and institutionalising citizens’ engagement in developing a new structure plan for Windhoek.

Suggested Citation

  • Kohima, Jennilee Magdalena & Chigbu, Uchendu Eugene & Mazambani, Malcon Liyali & Mabakeng, Menare Royal, 2023. "(Neo-)segregation, (neo-)racism, and one-city two-system planning in Windhoek, Namibia: What can a new national urban policy do?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:lauspo:v:125:y:2023:i:c:s0264837722005075
    DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106480
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cheonjae Lee & Walter Timo de Vries & Uchendu Eugene Chigbu, 2019. "Land Governance Re-Arrangements: The One-Country One-System (OCOS) Versus One-Country Two-System (OCTS) Approach," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-26, March.
    2. Uchendu Chigbu, 2013. "Fostering rural sense of place: the missing piece in Uturu, Nigeria," Development in Practice, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(2), pages 264-277.
    3. Irja Shaanika & Monica Maletzky & Tiko Iyamu, 2018. "A model for addressing parallelism of systems in the management of data: The Namibian case," African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(6), pages 691-700, September.
    4. Uchendu Eugene Chigbu & Tobias Bendzko & Menare Royal Mabakeng & Elias Danyi Kuusaana & Derek Osei Tutu, 2021. "Fit-for-Purpose Land Administration from Theory to Practice: Three Demonstrative Case Studies of Local Land Administration Initiatives in Africa," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-24, May.
    5. Kempe Ronald Hope & Mogopodi Lekorwe, 1999. "Urbanization and the Environment in Southern Africa: Towards a Managed Framework for the Sustainability of Cities," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(6), pages 837-859.
    6. Barikisa Owusu Ansah & Uchendu Eugene Chigbu, 2020. "The Nexus between Peri-Urban Transformation and Customary Land Rights Disputes: Effects on Peri-Urban Development in Trede, Ghana," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-28, June.
    7. Selma T Karuaihe & Philip R Wandschneider, 2018. "Limited access to services for the urban poor in Windhoek, Namibia," Development Southern Africa, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(4), pages 466-479, July.
    8. Huang, Xinxin & Wang, Haijun & Xiao, Fentao, 2022. "Simulating urban growth affected by national and regional land use policies: Case study from Wuhan, China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    9. Chigbu, Uchendu Eugene, 2019. "Masculinity, men and patriarchal issues aside: How do women’s actions impede women’s access to land? Matters arising from a peri-rural community in Nigeria," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 39-48.
    10. Uchendu Eugene Chigbu & Anna Schopf & Walter T. de Vries & Fahria Masum & Samuel Mabikke & Danilo Antonio & Jorge Espinoza, 2017. "Combining land-use planning and tenure security: a tenure responsive land-use planning approach for developing countries," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 60(9), pages 1622-1639, September.
    11. Chigbu, Uchendu Eugene, 2019. "Anatomy of women’s landlessness in the patrilineal customary land tenure systems of sub-Saharan Africa and a policy pathway," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 126-135.
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    1. Chigbu, Uchendu Eugene & Paradza, Gaynor & Nghitevelekwa, Romie Vonkie & Klaus, Michael, 2024. "Current research and opinion on land governance for societal development in and on the global south," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).

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