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Primary prevention and health outcomes: Treatment of residential lead-based paint hazards and the prevalence of childhood lead poisoning

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  • Jones, David J.

Abstract

In order to gain a better understanding of the effects of an investment in primary prevention on health, I investigate the impact of treatment of lead-based paint hazards in housing units (the preventive action) on childhood lead poisoning (the health outcome) at the census tract level in Chicago, IL. I use the findings from the analysis to simulate and then weigh the costs of lead interventions against the potential benefits of reducing blood lead levels in children. Childhood lead poisoning presents an interesting case study of the potential of preventive care in reducing the prevalence of a disease. There is a clear, well-defined pathway of exposure (deteriorating lead paint in older homes) and no method of secondary care that effectively mitigates the negative health effects. I find that a one-tenth percentage point increase in the proportion of older housing units that have been remediated is associated with a four-tenths percentage point reduction in the prevalence of childhood lead poisoning, an elasticity of roughly 0.5. Citywide, this is roughly 2.5 cases of lead poisoning averted for every housing unit remediated. Furthermore, I find evidence that the effect of remediations in preventing the disease has improved over time. The lower bound estimates of the benefits associated with the reduction in lead poisoning – increased expected lifetime earnings and reduced medical expenditures – are two to twenty times the estimated costs of the remediations.

Suggested Citation

  • Jones, David J., 2012. "Primary prevention and health outcomes: Treatment of residential lead-based paint hazards and the prevalence of childhood lead poisoning," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(1), pages 151-164.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:juecon:v:71:y:2012:i:1:p:151-164
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2011.06.002
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jan K. Brueckner & Stuart S. Rosenthal, 2009. "Gentrification and Neighborhood Housing Cycles: Will America's Future Downtowns Be Rich?," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 91(4), pages 725-743, November.
    2. Rosenthal, Stuart S., 2008. "Old homes, externalities, and poor neighborhoods. A model of urban decline and renewal," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(3), pages 816-840, May.
    3. Adrian J. Bailey & James D. Sargent & Megan K. Blake, 1998. "A Tale of Two Counties: Childhood Lead Poisoning, Industrialization, and Abatement in New England," Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 74(0), pages 96-111, March.
    4. Sargent, J.D. & Brown, M.J. & Freeman, J.L. & Bailey, A. & Goodman, D. & Freeman Jr., D.H., 1995. "Childhood lead poisoning in Massachusetts communities: Its association with sociodemographic and housing characteristics," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 85(4), pages 528-534.
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    Cited by:

    1. Stephen B. Billings & Kevin T. Schnepel, 2018. "Life after Lead: Effects of Early Interventions for Children Exposed to Lead," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 10(3), pages 315-344, July.
    2. Sammy Zahran & Terrence Iverson & Shawn P. McElmurry & Stephan Weiler, 2017. "The Effect of Leaded Aviation Gasoline on Blood Lead in Children," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, vol. 4(2), pages 575-610.
    3. Carla Campbell & Edward Gracely & Mary Tran & Naomi Starkey & Hans Kersten & Peter Palermo & Nancy Rothman & Laura Line & Tine Hansen-Turton, 2012. "Primary Prevention of Lead Exposure—Blood Lead Results at Age Two Years," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-11, April.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Health economics; Preventive care; Childhood lead poisoning; Urban environmental health; Demographics;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I1 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health
    • J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
    • R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics

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