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Boots are made for walking: interactions across physical and social space in infrastructure-poor regions

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  • Matous, Petr
  • Todo, Yasuyuki
  • Mojo, Dagne

Abstract

While detailed data are available on people’s travel behavior in industrialized countries, little is known about the spatial characteristics of activities of those living in vast infrastructure-poor areas in the developing world where walking is still the dominant form of transport. We have interviewed 297 randomly selected inhabitants of Tiyo District, Ethiopia, and by random name cues identified 4158 individuals who are a representative cross-section of everyone the informants knew and met. Consequently, we inquired about the distance to these individuals, frequency of contacting them, and the mode of contact. Half of the respondents’ social contacts lived within 15-min walking distance and the interviewed inhabitants contacted 98% of all people that they knew only by walking and meeting face-to-face. After examining the determinants of the size, density, and geographical extent of the inhabitants’ personal networks, we employed multilevel analysis to explore the relevance of physical and social distance as well as personal characteristics for frequency of interaction. We found that in addition to the strong impact of walking time (−), common organization membership (−), the same religious affiliation (+), kinship (+), and patience (−) also predict the frequency of meetings. From this we present comparisons of the variables’ relative effects and conclude with practical implications.

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  • Matous, Petr & Todo, Yasuyuki & Mojo, Dagne, 2013. "Boots are made for walking: interactions across physical and social space in infrastructure-poor regions," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 226-235.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:31:y:2013:i:c:p:226-235
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2013.04.001
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    4. Petr MATOUS & TODO Yasuyuki, 2014. "The Effects of Endogenous Interdependencies on Trade Network Formation across Space among Major Japanese Firms," Discussion papers 14020, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    5. Walther, Olivier J. & Tenikue, Michel & Trémolières, Marie, 2019. "Economic performance, gender and social networks in West African food systems," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 1-1.
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    7. Suchi Kapoor Malhotra & Howard White & Nina Ashley O. Dela Cruz & Ashrita Saran & John Eyers & Denny John & Ella Beveridge & Nina Blöndal, 2021. "Studies of the effectiveness of transport sector interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries: An evidence and gap map," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(4), December.
    8. Johny, Judit & Wichmann, Bruno & Swallow, Brent M., 2017. "Characterizing social networks and their effects on income diversification in rural Kerala, India," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 375-392.
    9. Páez, Antonio & Anjum, Zoha & Dickson-Anderson, Sarah E. & Schuster-Wallace, Corinne J. & Martín Ramos, Belén & Higgins, Christopher D., 2020. "Comparing distance, time, and metabolic energy cost functions for walking accessibility in infrastructure-poor regions," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    10. van den Berg, Pauline & Weijs-Perrée, Minou & Arentze, Theo, 2018. "Dynamics in social activity-travel patterns: Analyzing the role of life-cycle events and path dependence in face-to-face and ICT-mediated social interactions," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 29-37.

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