IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/joreco/v76y2024ics0969698923003120.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The impact of sales effort on a dual-channel dynamical system under a price-sensitive stochastic demand

Author

Listed:
  • Datta, Alotosh
  • Sarkar, Biswajit
  • Dey, Bikash Koli
  • Sangal, Isha
  • Yang, Liu
  • Fan, Shu-Kai S.
  • Sardar, Suman Kalyan
  • Thangavelu, Lakshmi

Abstract

Sales efforts play a crucial role in dynamic retail management and can have a significant impact on the overall success of a retail business. The primary goal of sales efforts is to generate revenue. By effectively promoting and selling products or services, sales teams can drive sales and increase the company's revenue. Demand of products play a critical role for retailing sector and demand cannot be predicted perfectly in reality. Owing to this situation, a dynamical system with dynamic sales effort and price-sensitive stochastic demand is proposed in this study. A dual-channel (online & offline) is considered in this study to provide the best consumer experience. Contradictory to the existing literature, geometric Brownian motion under a fuzzy environment is utilized to handle the dynamic price situations, which is solved through the Black-Scholes equations. The effect of preseason cost on the optimal results is analyzed. To validate the study, a numerical analysis of the dual-channel retailing system is presented with optimal selling price, sales effort, and profit under stochastic demand. Sales efforts have a profound impact on dynamic retail management. They drive revenue generation, customer acquisition and retention, inform inventory management decisions, provide market insights, contribute to competitive advantage, align with marketing strategies, and enable performance measurement and improvement. From the findings, it is clear that sales effort can provide 0.02% higher profit per cycle in a dual-channel retailing.

Suggested Citation

  • Datta, Alotosh & Sarkar, Biswajit & Dey, Bikash Koli & Sangal, Isha & Yang, Liu & Fan, Shu-Kai S. & Sardar, Suman Kalyan & Thangavelu, Lakshmi, 2024. "The impact of sales effort on a dual-channel dynamical system under a price-sensitive stochastic demand," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:joreco:v:76:y:2024:i:c:s0969698923003120
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103561
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969698923003120
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103561?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Junhai Ma & Lijiao Gong & Jie Fan, 2022. "Pricing strategy and coordination of small‐ to medium‐sized enterprises based on bank‐insurance cooperative financing," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(8), pages 3915-3930, December.
    2. Davoudi, Zahra & Seifbarghy, Mehdi & Sarkar, Mitali & Sarkar, Biswajit, 2023. "Effect of bargaining on pricing and retailing under a green supply chain management," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    3. Lin, Xuxun & Wang, Haiyan, 2022. "Dynamic pricing for online information services considering service duration and quality level," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    4. Lin, Chen & Bowman, Douglas, 2022. "The impact of introducing a customer loyalty program on category sales and profitability," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    5. Meng, Lu (Monroe) & Duan, Shen & Zhao, Yijun & Lü, Kevin & Chen, Siyun, 2021. "The impact of online celebrity in livestreaming E-commerce on purchase intention from the perspective of emotional contagion," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    6. Ratchford, Brian & Soysal, Gonca & Zentner, Alejandro & Gauri, Dinesh K., 2022. "Online and offline retailing: What we know and directions for future research," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 98(1), pages 152-177.
    7. Huang, Zongsheng & Bai, Peijie, 2021. "Dynamic cooperative promotion in the presence of consumer reference effect with competing retailers," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    8. Qiu, Ruozhen & Sun, Yue & Sun, Minghe, 2022. "A robust optimization approach for multi-product inventory management in a dual-channel warehouse under demand uncertainties," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    9. Ma, Shouyu & Jemai, Zied & Bai, Qingguo, 2022. "Optimal pricing and ordering decisions for a retailer using multiple discounts," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 299(3), pages 1177-1192.
    10. Hu, Xiangling & Su, Ping, 2018. "The newsvendor's joint procurement and pricing problem under price-sensitive stochastic demand and purchase price uncertainty," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 81-90.
    11. Li, Zonghuo & Wang, Di & Yang, Wensheng & Jin, Hyun Seung, 2022. "Price, online coupon, and store service effort decisions under different omnichannel retailing models," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    12. Chang, Jasmine (Aichih) & Katehakis, Michael N. & Shi, Jim (Junmin) & Yan, Zhipeng, 2021. "Blockchain-empowered Newsvendor optimization," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 238(C).
    13. Martín-Herrán, Guiomar & Sigué, Simon Pierre, 2023. "An integrative framework of cooperative advertising with reference price effects," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    14. Zhou, Jiaying & Dahana, Wirawan Dony & Ye, Qiongwei & Zhang, Qingyu & Ye, Mingqi & Li, Xi, 2023. "Hedonic service consumption and its dynamic effects on sales in the brick-and-mortar retail context," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    15. Gurkan, M. Edib & Tunc, Huseyin & Tarim, S. Armagan, 2022. "The joint stochastic lot sizing and pricing problem," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    16. Guo, Qiaozhen & Chen, Ying-Ju & Huang, Wei, 2022. "Dynamic pricing of new experience products with dual-channel social learning and online review manipulations," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    17. Yan, Ruiliang & Pei, Zhi & Ghose, Sanjoy, 2019. "Reward points, profit sharing, and valuable coordination mechanism in the O2O era," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 34-47.
    18. He, Qiao-Chu & Chen, Ying-Ju, 2018. "Dynamic pricing of electronic products with consumer reviews," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 123-134.
    19. Assarzadegan, Parisa & Hejazi, Seyed Reza, 2021. "A game theoretic approach for analyzing the competition between national and store brands by considering store loyalty," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    20. Saxena, Neha & Sarkar, Biswajit, 2023. "How does the retailing industry decide the best replenishment strategy by utilizing technological support through blockchain?," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    21. Ghobadi, Somayeh Najafi- & Bagherinejad, Jafar & Taleizadeh, Ata Allah, 2021. "A two-generation new product model by considering forward-looking customers: Dynamic pricing and advertising optimization," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    22. Hosseini-Motlagh, Seyyed-Mahdi & Choi, Tsan-Ming & Johari, Maryam & Nouri-Harzvili, Mina, 2022. "A profit surplus distribution mechanism for supply chain coordination: An evolutionary game-theoretic analysis," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 301(2), pages 561-575.
    23. Saha, Subrata & Sarkar, Biswajit & Sarkar, Mitali, 2023. "Application of improved meta-heuristic algorithms for green preservation technology management to optimize dynamical investments and replenishment strategies," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 426-450.
    24. Hu, Chaoming & Wan, Zhao Man & Zhu, Saihua & Wan, Zhong, 2022. "An integrated stochastic model and algorithm for constrained multi-item newsvendor problems by two-stage decision-making approach," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 280-300.
    25. Barwitz, Niklas, 2020. "The relevance of interaction choice: Customer preferences and willingness to pay," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    26. Kim, Hongbum & Ryu, Min Ho & Lee, Daeho & Kim, Jang Hyun, 2022. "Should a small-sized store have both online and offline channels? An efficiency analysis of the O2O platform strategy," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    27. Heydari, Jafar & Bineshpour, Pegah & Walther, Grit & Ülkü, M. Ali, 2022. "Reconciling conflict of interests in a green retailing channel with green sales effort," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    28. He, Peng & He, Yong & Zhou, Li, 2023. "Channel strategies for dual-channel firms to counter strategic consumers," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    29. Yan, Ruiliang & Pei, Zhi, 2019. "Return policies and O2O coordination in the e-tailing age," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 314-321.
    30. Pinyi Yao & Syuhaily Osman & Mohamad Fazli Sabri & Norzalina Zainudin, 2022. "Consumer Behavior in Online-to-Offline (O2O) Commerce: A Thematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-24, June.
    31. Duan, Yongrui & Feng, Yixuan, 2021. "Optimal pricing in social networks considering reference price effect," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    32. Li, Wenjing & Hardesty, David M. & Craig, Adam W., 2018. "The impact of dynamic bundling on price fairness perceptions," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 204-212.
    33. Wang, Limin & Song, Qiankun, 2020. "Pricing policies for dual-channel supply chain with green investment and sales effort under uncertain demand," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 79-93.
    34. Tao, Jiawei & Dai, Hongyan & Chen, Weiwei & Jiang, Hai, 2023. "The value of personalized dispatch in O2O on-demand delivery services," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 304(3), pages 1022-1035.
    35. Nasiri, G. Reza & Deymeh, Hadi & Karimi, Behrooz & Miandoabchi, Elnaz, 2021. "Incorporating sales and marketing considerations into a competitive multi-echelon distribution network design problem with pricing strategy in a stochastic environment," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    36. Canyakmaz, Caner & Özekici, Süleyman & Karaesmen, Fikri, 2022. "A newsvendor problem with markup pricing in the presence of within-period price fluctuations," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 301(1), pages 153-162.
    37. Bikash Koli Dey & Sarla Pareek & Muhammad Tayyab & Biswajit Sarkar, 2021. "Autonomation policy to control work-in-process inventory in a smart production system," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 59(4), pages 1258-1280, February.
    38. Taleizadeh, Ata Allah & Moshtagh, Mohammad Sadegh & Vahedi-Nouri, Behdin & Sarkar, Biswajit, 2023. "New products or remanufactured products: Which is consumer-friendly under a closed-loop multi-level supply chain?," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    39. Pirayesh Neghab, Davood & Khayyati, Siamak & Karaesmen, Fikri, 2022. "An integrated data-driven method using deep learning for a newsvendor problem with unobservable features," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 302(2), pages 482-496.
    40. Adhikari, Arnab & Sharma, Megha & Basu, Sumanta & Jha, Ashish Kumar, 2022. "Uniform or spatially differentiated? Pricing Strategies for Information Goods under simultaneous and sequential decision-making in multi-market context," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    41. Hua, Guowei & Zhang, Yi & Cheng, T.C.E. & Wang, Shouyang & Zhang, Juliang, 2020. "The newsvendor problem with barter exchange," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    42. Mao, Zhaofang & Du, Zelin & Yuan, Ruiying & Miao, Qiqi, 2022. "Short-term or long-term cooperation between retailer and MCN? New launched products sales strategies in live streaming e-commerce," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    43. Ullah, Mehran & Sarkar, Biswajit, 2020. "Recovery-channel selection in a hybrid manufacturing-remanufacturing production model with RFID and product quality," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 360-374.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Taheri, Seyed Ghiasuddin & Navabakhsh, Mehrzad & Tohidi, Hamid & Mohammaditabar, Davood, 2024. "A system dynamics model for optimum time, profitability, and customer satisfaction in omni-channel retailing," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    2. Liu, Hsiu-Wen, 2024. "Mining spatial-temporal patterns from customer data to improve forecasting of customer flow across multiple sites," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    3. Dey, Bikash Koli & Seok, Hyesung, 2024. "Synergic effect of carbon regulation policies and multi-period credit financing in global retailing with reworking," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sarkar, Biswajit & Dey, Bikash Koli, 2023. "Is online-to-offline customer care support essential for consumer service?," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    2. Hota, Soumya Kanti & Sarkar, Biswajit & Ghosh, Santanu Kumar & Cheikhrouhou, Naoufel & Treviño-Garza, Gerardo, 2024. "What should be the best retail strategy to deal with an unequal shipment from an unreliable manufacturer?," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    3. Sohani, Sahar & Barman, Tuli & Sarkar, Biswajit & Gunasekaran, Angappa & Pareek, Sarla, 2024. "Retail management policy through firefly algorithm under uncertainty using Dempster-Shafer theory for production firm," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    4. Mishra, Mowmita & Ghosh, Santanu Kumar & Sarkar, Biswajit & Sarkar, Mitali & Hota, Soumya Kanti, 2024. "Risk management for barter exchange policy under retail industry," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    5. Sarkar, Mitali & Dey, Bikash Koli & Ganguly, Baishakhi & Saxena, Neha & Yadav, Dharmendra & Sarkar, Biswajit, 2023. "The impact of information sharing and bullwhip effects on improving consumer services in dual-channel retailing," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    6. Kar, Sumi & Basu, Kajla & Sarkar, Biswajit, 2023. "Advertisement policy for dual-channel within emissions-controlled flexible production system," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    7. Xu, Xianhao & Chen, Cheng & Zou, Bipan & Wang, Hongwei & Li, Zhiwen, 2023. "Shipping before order making: Optimal shipping quantity and pricing decisions under uncertain demand," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    8. Qiu, Ruozhen & Sun, Yue & Zhou, Hongcheng & Sun, Minghe, 2023. "Dynamic pricing and quick response of a retailer in the presence of strategic consumers: A distributionally robust optimization approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 307(3), pages 1270-1298.
    9. Saxena, Neha & Sarkar, Mitali & Sarkar, Biswajit, 2024. "Which retail strategy for shelf life products can satisfy consumers under game policy?," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    10. Mao, Zhaofang & Du, Zelin & Yuan, Ruiying & Miao, Qiqi, 2022. "Short-term or long-term cooperation between retailer and MCN? New launched products sales strategies in live streaming e-commerce," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    11. Dey, Bikash Koli & Seok, Hyesung, 2024. "Synergic effect of carbon regulation policies and multi-period credit financing in global retailing with reworking," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    12. Amankou, Kunomboua Anicet Cyrille & Guchhait, Rekha & Sarkar, Biswajit & Dem, Himani, 2024. "Product-specified dual-channel retail management with significant consumer service," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    13. Mridha, Bablu & Sarkar, Biswajit & Cárdenas-Barrón, Leopoldo Eduardo & Ramana, G.V. & Yang, Liu, 2024. "Is the advertisement policy for dual-channel profitable for retailing and consumer service of a retail management system under emissions-controlled flexible production system?," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    14. Sarkar, Biswajit & Kar, Sumi & Basu, Kajla & Seo, Yong Won, 2023. "Is the online-offline buy-online-pickup-in-store retail strategy best among other product delivery strategies under variable lead time?," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    15. Bimal Kumar Sett & Bikash Koli Dey & Biswajit Sarkar, 2020. "The Effect of O2O Retail Service Quality in Supply Chain Management," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-36, October.
    16. Chauhan, Ruchi & Majumder, Arunava & Kumar, Varun, 2023. "The impact of adopting customization policy and sustainability for improving consumer service in a dual-channel retailing," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    17. Sarkar, Biswajit & Seok, Hyesung & Jana, Tapas Kumar & Dey, Bikash Koli, 2023. "Is the system reliability profitable for retailing and consumer service of a dynamical system under cross-price elasticity of demand?," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    18. Ruozhen Qiu & Yue Yu & Minghe Sun, 2021. "Joint pricing and stocking decisions for a newsvendor problem with loss aversion and reference point effect," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(2), pages 275-288, March.
    19. Syed Asif Raza, 2020. "Price Differentiation and Inventory Decisions in a Socially Responsible Dual-Channel Supply Chain with Partial Information Stochastic Demand and Cannibalization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-42, November.
    20. Lizhen Zhan & Hui Shu & Xideng Zhou & Xiaowei Lin, 2022. "A Quality Decision Model Considering the Delay Effects in a Dual-Channel Supply Chain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-25, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:joreco:v:76:y:2024:i:c:s0969698923003120. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-retailing-and-consumer-services .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.