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Robust factor analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Pison, Greet
  • Rousseeuw, Peter J.
  • Filzmoser, Peter
  • Croux, Christophe

Abstract

Our aim is to construct a factor analysis method that can resist the effect of outliers. For this we start with a highly robust initial covariance estimator, after which the factors can be obtained from maximum likelihood or from principal factor analysis (PFA). We find that PFA based on the minimum covariance determinant scatter matrix works well. We also derive the influence function of the PFA method based on either the classical scatter matrix or a robust matrix. These results are applied to the construction of a new type of empirical influence function (EIF), which is very effective for detecting influential data. To facilitate the interpretation, we compute a cutoff value for this EIF. Our findings are illustrated with several real data examples.

Suggested Citation

  • Pison, Greet & Rousseeuw, Peter J. & Filzmoser, Peter & Croux, Christophe, 2003. "Robust factor analysis," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 84(1), pages 145-172, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jmvana:v:84:y:2003:i:1:p:145-172
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yutaka Tanaka & Yoshimasa Odaka, 1989. "Influential observations in principal factor analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 54(3), pages 475-485, September.
    2. A. Mooijaart & P.M. Bentler, 1991. "Robustness of normal theory statistics in structural equation models," Statistica Neerlandica, Netherlands Society for Statistics and Operations Research, vol. 45(2), pages 159-171, June.
    3. Jos Berge & Henk Kiers, 1991. "A numerical approach to the approximate and the exact minimum rank of a covariance matrix," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 56(2), pages 309-315, June.
    4. Croux, Christophe & Haesbroeck, Gentiane, 1999. "Influence Function and Efficiency of the Minimum Covariance Determinant Scatter Matrix Estimator," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(2), pages 161-190, November.
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