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Best permutation analysis

Author

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  • Rajaratnam, Bala
  • Salzman, Julia

Abstract

High dimensional covariance estimation is an important topic in contemporary multivariate statistics and has recently received much attention in the mathematical statistics literature. The work of Bickel and Levina (2008) [2] introduces a general approach to such estimation problems in a large class of models: banding of the sample covariance matrix. Bickel and Levina show that banded estimators are consistent in the operator norm as the dimension of the covariance matrix, p, and the sample size, n, both go to infinity. Critically, these estimators rely on knowing the order of the covariates apriori before banding can be applied. A rigorous framework for order recovery is however not available in the literature. In this paper, we propose a novel framework and methodology that can be used to recover covariate order in general classes of banded models. Such models can also be framed as autoregressive processes, which in turn fall within the class of graphical models. We show that recovering covariate order is intimately related to minimizing functionals on the symmetric group. Indeed, an important contribution of the paper is a result showing that the natural time order in such an autoregressive process has the property that over all orderings of covariates, it minimizes the sum of the diagonals of the Cholesky decomposition, of both the covariance and the inverse covariance matrix. This result lays the foundation for the ensuing statistical methodology developed in this paper: an efficient algorithm called the Best Permutation Algorithm (BPA). The BPA can recover the natural order of variables in autoregressive models at the rate of Op((logp)/n), which is the same rate that the covariance matrix can be estimated if the natural time order were known. Hence the BPA yields the oracle rate. Moreover, the computational complexity of the BPA is proved to be polynomial in the number of variables, p, and hence allows for an efficient search over the full permutation group on p letters, a group whose size is super-exponential in p. The methodology is also successfully illustrated on numerical examples.

Suggested Citation

  • Rajaratnam, Bala & Salzman, Julia, 2013. "Best permutation analysis," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 193-223.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:jmvana:v:121:y:2013:i:c:p:193-223
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmva.2013.03.001
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Joong-Ho Won & Johan Lim & Seung-Jean Kim & Bala Rajaratnam, 2013. "Condition-number-regularized covariance estimation," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 75(3), pages 427-450, June.
    2. Peng, Jie & Wang, Pei & Zhou, Nengfeng & Zhu, Ji, 2009. "Partial Correlation Estimation by Joint Sparse Regression Models," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 104(486), pages 735-746.
    3. Rothman, Adam J. & Levina, Elizaveta & Zhu, Ji, 2009. "Generalized Thresholding of Large Covariance Matrices," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 104(485), pages 177-186.
    4. Jianhua Z. Huang & Naiping Liu & Mohsen Pourahmadi & Linxu Liu, 2006. "Covariance matrix selection and estimation via penalised normal likelihood," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 93(1), pages 85-98, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xiaoning Kang & Xinwei Deng & Kam‐Wah Tsui & Mohsen Pourahmadi, 2020. "On variable ordination of modified Cholesky decomposition for estimating time‐varying covariance matrices," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 88(3), pages 616-641, December.
    2. Gao, Zhenguo & Wang, Xinye & Kang, Xiaoning, 2023. "Ensemble LDA via the modified Cholesky decomposition," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    3. Kang, Xiaoning & Wang, Mingqiu, 2021. "Ensemble sparse estimation of covariance structure for exploring genetic disease data," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    4. Zongliang Hu & Tiejun Tong & Marc G. Genton, 2019. "Diagonal likelihood ratio test for equality of mean vectors in high‐dimensional data," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 75(1), pages 256-267, March.

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