IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jbrese/v179y2024ics014829632400153x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Understanding protective behavior and vaccination adoption among US individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A four-wave longitudinal study

Author

Listed:
  • Kolotylo-Kulkarni, Malgorzata
  • Marakas, George M.
  • Xia, Weidong

Abstract

During the long COVID-19 pandemic, individuals’ attitudes toward protective measures and vaccination vary, yet, research remains unclear about the dynamics underlying them. We collected matched data from US respondents at four time points from the beginning of the pandemic (March 2020) to the time when vaccines became widely available (August 2021). Our analysis shows that protective behavior and actual vaccination at T4 were affected by protective behavior and intention to vaccinate at T3. Protective behavior at T3 was driven by fear and information seeking at T2, while vaccination intention at T3 was affected by fear at T2. Fear at T2 mediated the effects of health status and perceived risk at T1 on protective behavior at T3 and T4, while information seeking at T2 mediated the effect of perceived knowledge on protective behavior at T3. Our findings inform research and public health practice regarding pandemic communication and protective measures.

Suggested Citation

  • Kolotylo-Kulkarni, Malgorzata & Marakas, George M. & Xia, Weidong, 2024. "Understanding protective behavior and vaccination adoption among US individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A four-wave longitudinal study," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbrese:v:179:y:2024:i:c:s014829632400153x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114649
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014829632400153X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114649?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ozlem Ozdemir & Cengiz Yilmaz, 2011. "Factors affecting risk mitigation revisited: the case of earthquake in Turkey," Journal of Risk Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(1), pages 17-46, January.
    2. Thomas Deroche & Yannick Stephan & Tim Woodman & Christine Le Scanff, 2012. "Psychological Mediators of the Sport Injury—Perceived Risk Relationship," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(1), pages 113-121, January.
    3. Ellen Ter Huurne & Jan Gutteling, 2008. "Information needs and risk perception as predictors of risk information seeking," Journal of Risk Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(7), pages 847-862, October.
    4. Jennifer R. Allen Catellier & Z. Janet Yang, 2012. "Trust and affect: how do they impact risk information seeking in a health context?," Journal of Risk Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(8), pages 897-911, September.
    5. Sarah Dryhurst & Claudia R. Schneider & John Kerr & Alexandra L. J. Freeman & Gabriel Recchia & Anne Marthe van der Bles & David Spiegelhalter & Sander van der Linden, 2020. "Risk perceptions of COVID-19 around the world," Journal of Risk Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(7-8), pages 994-1006, August.
    6. Anna Petherick & Rafael Goldszmidt & Eduardo B. Andrade & Rodrigo Furst & Thomas Hale & Annalena Pott & Andrew Wood, 2021. "A worldwide assessment of changes in adherence to COVID-19 protective behaviours and hypothesized pandemic fatigue," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 5(9), pages 1145-1160, September.
    7. Philip Bubeck & W. J. Wouter Botzen, 2013. "Response to “The Necessity for Longitudinal Studies in Risk Perception Research”," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 33(5), pages 760-762, May.
    8. Harley Williamson & Suzanna Fay & Toby Miles-Johnson, 2019. "Fear of terrorism: media exposure and subjective fear of attack," Global Crime, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(1), pages 1-25, January.
    9. Holly O. Witteman & Selma Chipenda Dansokho & Nicole Exe & Audrey Dupuis & Thierry Provencher & Brian J. Zikmund‐Fisher, 2015. "Risk Communication, Values Clarification, and Vaccination Decisions," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(10), pages 1801-1819, October.
    10. Wim Kellens & Teun Terpstra & Philippe De Maeyer, 2013. "Perception and Communication of Flood Risks: A Systematic Review of Empirical Research," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 33(1), pages 24-49, January.
    11. Jennifer E. C. Lee & Louise Lemyre, 2009. "A Social‐Cognitive Perspective of Terrorism Risk Perception and Individual Response in Canada," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(9), pages 1265-1280, September.
    12. Michael Siegrist, 2013. "The Necessity for Longitudinal Studies in Risk Perception Research," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 33(1), pages 50-51, January.
    13. Kirk, Colleen P. & Rifkin, Laura S., 2020. "I'll trade you diamonds for toilet paper: Consumer reacting, coping and adapting behaviors in the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 124-131.
    14. Annukka Vainio & Riikka Paloniemi & Vilja Varho, 2017. "Weighing the Risks of Nuclear Energy and Climate Change: Trust in Different Information Sources, Perceived Risks, and Willingness to Pay for Alternatives to Nuclear Power," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(3), pages 557-569, March.
    15. Kelly R Moran & Sara Y Del Valle, 2016. "A Meta-Analysis of the Association between Gender and Protective Behaviors in Response to Respiratory Epidemics and Pandemics," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(10), pages 1-25, October.
    16. Sharma, Amalesh & Borah, Sourav Bikash & Moses, Aditya C., 2021. "Responses to COVID-19: The role of governance, healthcare infrastructure, and learning from past pandemics," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 597-607.
    17. Carnevale, Joel B. & Hatak, Isabella, 2020. "Employee adjustment and well-being in the era of COVID-19: Implications for human resource management," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 183-187.
    18. Jiuchang Wei & Ming Zhao & Fei Wang & Dingtao Zhao, 2016. "The effects of firm actions on customers’ responses to product recall crises: analyzing an automobile recall in China," Journal of Risk Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(4), pages 425-443, April.
    19. Neil F. Johnson & Nicolas Velásquez & Nicholas Johnson Restrepo & Rhys Leahy & Nicholas Gabriel & Sara El Oud & Minzhang Zheng & Pedro Manrique & Stefan Wuchty & Yonatan Lupu, 2020. "The online competition between pro- and anti-vaccination views," Nature, Nature, vol. 582(7811), pages 230-233, June.
    20. Katherine M. Crosman & Ann Bostrom & Adam L. Hayes, 2019. "Efficacy Foundations for Risk Communication: How People Think About Reducing the Risks of Climate Change," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 39(10), pages 2329-2347, October.
    21. Gabriele Prati & Luca Pietrantoni & Bruna Zani, 2011. "A Social‐Cognitive Model of Pandemic Influenza H1N1 Risk Perception and Recommended Behaviors in Italy," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(4), pages 645-656, April.
    22. Taciano L. Milfont, 2012. "The Interplay Between Knowledge, Perceived Efficacy, and Concern About Global Warming and Climate Change: A One‐Year Longitudinal Study," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(6), pages 1003-1020, June.
    23. Louise Eriksson, 2017. "The importance of threat, strategy, and resource appraisals for long-term proactive risk management among forest owners in Sweden," Journal of Risk Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(7), pages 868-886, July.
    24. Wim Kellens & Ruud Zaalberg & Philippe De Maeyer, 2012. "The Informed Society: An Analysis of the Public's Information‐Seeking Behavior Regarding Coastal Flood Risks," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(8), pages 1369-1381, August.
    25. Caroline Rudisill, 2013. "How do we handle new health risks? Risk perception, optimism, and behaviors regarding the H1N1 virus," Journal of Risk Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(8), pages 959-980, September.
    26. Paul Hudson & Annegret H. Thieken & Philip Bubeck, 2020. "The challenges of longitudinal surveys in the flood risk domain," Journal of Risk Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(5), pages 642-663, May.
    27. Andrew J Barnes & Yaniv Hanoch & Thomas Rice, 2016. "Can Plan Recommendations Improve the Coverage Decisions of Vulnerable Populations in Health Insurance Marketplaces?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(3), pages 1-19, March.
    28. Austin Y. Hubner & Shelly R. Hovick, 2020. "Understanding Risk Information Seeking and Processing during an Infectious Disease Outbreak: The Case of Zika Virus," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 40(6), pages 1212-1225, June.
    29. Storopoli, Jose & Braga da Silva Neto, Wilson Levy & Mesch, Gustavo S., 2020. "Confidence in social institutions, perceived vulnerability and the adoption of recommended protective behaviors in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    30. Teun Terpstra, 2011. "Emotions, Trust, and Perceived Risk: Affective and Cognitive Routes to Flood Preparedness Behavior," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(10), pages 1658-1675, October.
    31. Z. Janet Yang, 2012. "Too Scared or Too Capable? Why Do College Students Stay Away from the H1N1 Vaccine?," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(10), pages 1703-1716, October.
    32. Daly, Timothy M. & Nataraajan, Rajan, 2015. "Swapping bricks for clicks: Crowdsourcing longitudinal data on Amazon Turk," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(12), pages 2603-2609.
    33. Verma, Surabhi & Gustafsson, Anders, 2020. "Investigating the emerging COVID-19 research trends in the field of business and management: A bibliometric analysis approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 253-261.
    34. Ana I. Bento & Thuy Nguyen & Coady Wing & Felipe Lozano-Rojas & Yong-Yeol Ahn & Kosali Simon, 2020. "Evidence from internet search data shows information-seeking responses to news of local COVID-19 cases," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 117(21), pages 11220-11222, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ali Zackery & Joseph Amankwah-Amoah & Zahra Heidari Darani & Shiva Ghasemi, 2022. "COVID-19 Research in Business and Management: A Review and Future Research Agenda," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-32, August.
    2. Hashemi, Hossein & Rajabi, Reza & Brashear-Alejandro, Thomas G., 2022. "COVID-19 research in management: An updated bibliometric analysis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 795-810.
    3. T. Terpstra & R. Zaalberg & J. de Boer & W. J. W. Botzen, 2014. "You Have Been Framed! How Antecedents of Information Need Mediate the Effects of Risk Communication Messages," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(8), pages 1506-1520, August.
    4. Xie, Junyi & Ifie, Kemefasu & Gruber, Thorsten, 2022. "The dual threat of COVID-19 to health and job security – Exploring the role of mindfulness in sustaining frontline employee-related outcomes," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 216-227.
    5. Tianjun Feng & L. Robin Keller & Ping Wu & Yifan Xu, 2014. "An Empirical Study of the Toxic Capsule Crisis in China: Risk Perceptions and Behavioral Responses," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(4), pages 698-710, April.
    6. Eoin O'Neill & Finbarr Brereton & Harutyun Shahumyan & J. Peter Clinch, 2016. "The Impact of Perceived Flood Exposure on Flood‐Risk Perception: The Role of Distance," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(11), pages 2158-2186, November.
    7. Nawaz, Muhammad Zahid & Nawaz, Shahid & Guzmán, Francisco & Plotkina, Daria, 2023. "The aftermath of Covid-19: The rise of pandemic animosity among consumers and its scale development," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    8. Jiuchang Wei & Ming Zhao & Fei Wang & Peng Cheng & Dingtao Zhao, 2016. "An Empirical Study of the Volkswagen Crisis in China: Customers’ Information Processing and Behavioral Intentions," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(1), pages 114-129, January.
    9. Jana Koerth & Athanasios T. Vafeidis & Jochen Hinkel, 2017. "Household‐Level Coastal Adaptation and Its Drivers: A Systematic Case Study Review," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(4), pages 629-646, April.
    10. Michael Siegrist & Joseph Árvai, 2020. "Risk Perception: Reflections on 40 Years of Research," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 40(S1), pages 2191-2206, November.
    11. Robert L. Heath & Jaesub Lee, 2016. "Chemical Manufacturing and Refining Industry Legitimacy: Reflective Management, Trust, Precrisis Communication to Achieve Community Efficacy," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(6), pages 1108-1124, June.
    12. Philip Bubeck & Lisa Berghäuser & Paul Hudson & Annegret H. Thieken, 2020. "Using Panel Data to Understand the Dynamics of Human Behavior in Response to Flooding," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 40(11), pages 2340-2359, November.
    13. Michela Piccarozzi & Cecilia Silvestri & Patrizio Morganti, 2021. "COVID-19 in Management Studies: A Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-28, March.
    14. Pan, Jing Yu & Liu, Dahai, 2022. "Mask-wearing intentions on airplanes during COVID-19 – Application of theory of planned behavior model," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 32-44.
    15. Rebecca E. Morss & Julie L. Demuth & Ann Bostrom & Jeffrey K. Lazo & Heather Lazrus, 2015. "Flash Flood Risks and Warning Decisions: A Mental Models Study of Forecasters, Public Officials, and Media Broadcasters in Boulder, Colorado," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(11), pages 2009-2028, November.
    16. Gabriele Prati & Luca Pietrantoni, 2016. "Knowledge, Risk Perceptions, and Xenophobic Attitudes: Evidence from Italy During the Ebola Outbreak," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(10), pages 2000-2010, October.
    17. Hang Lu & APPC 2018–2019 ASK Group & Kenneth Winneg & Kathleen Hall Jamieson & Dolores Albarracín, 2020. "Intentions to Seek Information About the Influenza Vaccine: The Role of Informational Subjective Norms, Anticipated and Experienced Affect, and Information Insufficiency Among Vaccinated and Unvaccina," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 40(10), pages 2040-2056, October.
    18. Jantsje M. Mol & W. J. Wouter Botzen & Julia E. Blasch & Hans de Moel, 2020. "Insights into Flood Risk Misperceptions of Homeowners in the Dutch River Delta," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 40(7), pages 1450-1468, July.
    19. Kevin Fox Gotham & Richard Campanella & Katie Lauve‐Moon & Bradford Powers, 2018. "Hazard Experience, Geophysical Vulnerability, and Flood Risk Perceptions in a Postdisaster City, the Case of New Orleans," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 38(2), pages 345-356, February.
    20. Wang, Fei & Zhang, Zhentai & Lin, Shoufu, 2023. "Purchase intention of Autonomous vehicles and industrial Policies: Evidence from a national survey in China," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jbrese:v:179:y:2024:i:c:s014829632400153x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jbusres .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.