IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jbrese/v109y2020icp64-75.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Early mover (dis)advantages and knowledge spillover effects on blockchain startups’ funding and innovation performance

Author

Listed:
  • Park, Gunno
  • Shin, Seungryul Ryan
  • Choy, Minkyung

Abstract

This study investigates whether early mover (dis)advantages are valid in the blockchain industry. Specifically, it examines how the entry timing of a startup in the blockchain industry affects its funding attraction from venture capitals and innovation performance. Moreover, this study examines whether the startup’s knowledge spillover activities moderate the relationship between its entry timing and subsequent performance. An empirical analysis is conducted on 255 startups in the blockchain industry founded between 2007 and 2016. The results show that while early mover advantages exist in terms of funding attraction from venture capitals, the entry timing and innovation performance have an inverted U-shaped relationship, as expected. Knowledge spillover activities of blockchain startups positively moderate the relationship between the entry timing and the venture capital attraction. Managerial and theoretical implications for the blockchain industry are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Park, Gunno & Shin, Seungryul Ryan & Choy, Minkyung, 2020. "Early mover (dis)advantages and knowledge spillover effects on blockchain startups’ funding and innovation performance," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 64-75.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbrese:v:109:y:2020:i:c:p:64-75
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.068
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014829631930743X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.068?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Laura Bottazzi & Marco Da Rin & Thomas Hellmann, 2016. "Editor's Choice The Importance of Trust for Investment: Evidence from Venture Capital," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 29(9), pages 2283-2318.
    2. Sara Saberi & Mahtab Kouhizadeh & Joseph Sarkis & Lejia Shen, 2019. "Blockchain technology and its relationships to sustainable supply chain management," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(7), pages 2117-2135, April.
    3. Autant-Bernard, Corinne & Fadairo, Muriel & Massard, Nadine, 2013. "Knowledge diffusion and innovation policies within the European regions: Challenges based on recent empirical evidence," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 196-210.
    4. Barry L. Bayus & Rajshree Agarwal, 2007. "The Role of Pre-Entry Experience, Entry Timing, and Product Technology Strategies in Explaining Firm Survival," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 53(12), pages 1887-1902, December.
    5. Sikorski, Janusz J. & Haughton, Joy & Kraft, Markus, 2017. "Blockchain technology in the chemical industry: Machine-to-machine electricity market," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 234-246.
    6. Bertoni, Fabio & Colombo, Massimo G. & Grilli, Luca, 2011. "Venture capital financing and the growth of high-tech start-ups: Disentangling treatment from selection effects," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(7), pages 1028-1043, September.
    7. Hyunsung D. Kang & Elazer Edelman & David N. Ku, 2019. "Who creates jobs? Venture capital, research grants, and regional employment in the U.S," Industry and Innovation, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(6), pages 690-714, July.
    8. Wang, Zhining & Sharma, Pratyush Nidhi & Cao, Jinwei, 2016. "From knowledge sharing to firm performance: A predictive model comparison," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(10), pages 4650-4658.
    9. L. Bottazzi & M. Da Rin & T. Hellmann, 2007. "The Importance of Trust for Investment: Evidence from Venture Capital," Working Papers 612, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna.
    10. Christoph Zott & Raphael Amit, 2008. "The fit between product market strategy and business model: implications for firm performance," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(1), pages 1-26, January.
    11. William Boulding & Markus Christen, 2009. "Pioneering Plus a Broad Product Line Strategy: Higher Profits or Deeper Losses?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 55(6), pages 958-967, June.
    12. Lee, Keun & Malerba, Franco, 2017. "Catch-up cycles and changes in industrial leadership:Windows of opportunity and responses of firms and countries in the evolution of sectoral systems," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(2), pages 338-351.
    13. Huasheng Zhu & Zach Zhizhong Zhou, 2016. "Analysis and outlook of applications of blockchain technology to equity crowdfunding in China," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 2(1), pages 1-11, December.
    14. Hausman, Jerry & Hall, Bronwyn H & Griliches, Zvi, 1984. "Econometric Models for Count Data with an Application to the Patents-R&D Relationship," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 52(4), pages 909-938, July.
    15. Yael V. Hochberg & Alexander Ljungqvist & Yang Lu, 2007. "Whom You Know Matters: Venture Capital Networks and Investment Performance," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 62(1), pages 251-301, February.
    16. Lopez, Luis E. & Roberts, Edward B., 2002. "First-mover advantages in regimes of weak appropriability: the case of financial services innovations," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 55(12), pages 997-1005, December.
    17. Lin William Cong & Zhiguo He, 2019. "Blockchain Disruption and Smart Contracts," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 1754-1797.
    18. Charles Dhanaraj & Marjorie A Lyles & H Kevin Steensma & Laszlo Tihanyi, 2004. "Managing tacit and explicit knowledge transfer in IJVs: the role of relational embeddedness and the impact on performance," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 35(5), pages 428-442, September.
    19. Ronald Klingebiel & John Joseph, 2016. "Entry timing and innovation strategy in feature phones," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(6), pages 1002-1020, June.
    20. Kazanjian, Robert K. & Drazin, Robert, 1990. "A stage-contingent model of design and growth for technology based new ventures," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 5(3), pages 137-150, May.
    21. Gautam Ahuja & Riitta Katila, 2001. "Technological acquisitions and the innovation performance of acquiring firms: a longitudinal study," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(3), pages 197-220, March.
    22. Hall, John & Hofer, Charles W., 1993. "Venture capitalists' decision criteria in new venture evaluation," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 25-42, January.
    23. Ye Guo & Chen Liang, 2016. "Blockchain application and outlook in the banking industry," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 2(1), pages 1-12, December.
    24. Coad, Alex & Rao, Rekha, 2008. "Innovation and firm growth in high-tech sectors: A quantile regression approach," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 633-648, May.
    25. Kollmann, Tobias & Kuckertz, Andreas, 2010. "Evaluation uncertainty of venture capitalists' investment criteria," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 63(7), pages 741-747, July.
    26. Sofka, Wolfgang & de Faria, Pedro & Shehu, Edlira, 2018. "Protecting knowledge: How legal requirements to reveal information affect the importance of secrecy," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(3), pages 558-572.
    27. Chul Lee & Gunno Park & Klaus Marhold & Jina Kang, 2017. "Top management team’s innovation-related characteristics and the firm’s explorative R&D: an analysis based on patent data," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 111(2), pages 639-663, May.
    28. Gupta, Anil K. & Sapienza, Harry J., 1992. "Determinants of venture capital firms' preferences regarding the industry diversity and geographic scope of their investments," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 7(5), pages 347-362, September.
    29. Zahra, Shaker A., 1996. "Technology strategy and new venture performance: A study of corporate-sponsored and independent biotechnology ventures," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 11(4), pages 289-321, July.
    30. Popp David & Juhl Ted & Johnson Daniel K.N., 2004. "Time In Purgatory: Examining the Grant Lag for U.S. Patent Applications," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 4(1), pages 1-45, November.
    31. Fernando F. Suarez & Stine Grodal & Aleksios Gotsopoulos, 2015. "Perfect timing? Dominant category, dominant design, and the window of opportunity for firm entry," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(3), pages 437-448, March.
    32. Marvin B. Lieberman & David B. Montgomery, 1988. "First‐mover advantages," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(S1), pages 41-58, June.
    33. Corey C. Phelps & Hongyan Yang & Kevin Steensma, 2010. "Learning from what others have learned from you: The effects of knowledge spillovers on originating firms," Post-Print hal-00528393, HAL.
    34. Tufool Alnuaimi & Gerard George, 2016. "Appropriability and the retrieval of knowledge after spillovers," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(7), pages 1263-1279, July.
    35. Thornhill, Stewart, 2006. "Knowledge, innovation and firm performance in high- and low-technology regimes," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 21(5), pages 687-703, September.
    36. Audretsch, David B & Feldman, Maryann P, 1996. "R&D Spillovers and the Geography of Innovation and Production," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 86(3), pages 630-640, June.
    37. Lennart Ante & Philipp Sandner & Ingo Fiedler, 2018. "Blockchain-Based ICOs: Pure Hype or the Dawn of a New Era of Startup Financing?," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-19, November.
    38. David J. Teece, 2007. "Explicating dynamic capabilities: the nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(13), pages 1319-1350, December.
    39. Dushnitsky, Gary & Lenox, Michael J., 2006. "When does corporate venture capital investment create firm value?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 21(6), pages 753-772, November.
    40. Pilkington Marc, 2016. "Blockchain Technology: Principles and Applications," Post-Print halshs-01231205, HAL.
    41. Florin, Juan, 2005. "Is venture capital worth it? Effects on firm performance and founder returns," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 113-135, January.
    42. Agarwal, Rajshree & Gort, Michael, 1996. "The Evolution of Markets and Entry, Exit and Survival of Firms," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 78(3), pages 489-498, August.
    43. Giovanni Valentini, 2012. "Measuring the effect of M&A on patenting quantity and quality," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(3), pages 336-346, March.
    44. Gary L. Lilien & Eunsang Yoon, 1990. "The Timing of Competitive Market Entry: An Exploratory Study of New Industrial Products," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 36(5), pages 568-585, May.
    45. William H. Greene, 1994. "Accounting for Excess Zeros and Sample Selection in Poisson and Negative Binomial Regression Models," Working Papers 94-10, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics.
    46. Bartov, Eli & Bodnar, Gordon M, 1994. "Firm Valuation, Earnings Expectations, and the Exchange-Rate Exposure Effect," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 49(5), pages 1755-1785, December.
    47. Schøtt, Thomas & Jensen, Kent Wickstrøm, 2016. "Firms’ innovation benefiting from networking and institutional support: A global analysis of national and firm effects," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(6), pages 1233-1246.
    48. Davila, Antonio & Foster, George & Gupta, Mahendra, 2003. "Venture capital financing and the growth of startup firms," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 18(6), pages 689-708, November.
    49. Mascarenhas, Briance, 1997. "The order and size of entry into international markets," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 287-299, July.
    50. Almeida, Paul & Dokko, Gina & Rosenkopf, Lori, 2003. "Startup size and the mechanisms of external learning: increasing opportunity and decreasing ability?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 301-315, February.
    51. Haemin Dennis Park & H. Kevin Steensma, 2012. "When does corporate venture capital add value for new ventures?," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(1), pages 1-22, January.
    52. Frank T. Rothaermel & Andrew M. Hess, 2007. "Building Dynamic Capabilities: Innovation Driven by Individual-, Firm-, and Network-Level Effects," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 18(6), pages 898-921, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Rakshit, Sandip & Islam, Nazrul & Mondal, Sandeep & Paul, Tripti, 2022. "Influence of blockchain technology in SME internationalization: Evidence from high-tech SMEs in India," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    2. Uma Shankar Yadav & Shweta Vyas & Kanchan & Indrajit Ghosal & Ajay Kumar yadav, 2024. "Impact of entrepreneurial leadership, Social media, digital technology, Entrepreneurial orientation and innovation on business performance in the handicraft sector: Talent management as mediating cons," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 1-34, December.
    3. Sharma, Prateek & Shukla, Dhirendra Mani & Raj, Alok, 2023. "Blockchain adoption and firm performance: The contingent roles of intangible capital and environmental dynamism," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    4. Ipert, Chloé & Mauer, René, 2023. "Infrastructural or organizational decentralization? Developing a typology of blockchain ventures," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    5. Giuliano Sansone & Flavio Santalucia & Davide Viglialoro & Paolo Landoni, 2023. "Blockchain for social good and stakeholder engagement: Evidence from a case study," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(5), pages 2182-2193, September.
    6. Paul, Tripti & Mondal, Sandeep & Islam, Nazrul & Rakshit, Sandip, 2021. "The impact of blockchain technology on the tea supply chain and its sustainable performance," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    7. Filippo Marchesani & Francesca Masciarelli, 2022. "Crowdfunding as Entrepreneurial Investment: The Role of Local Knowledge Spillover," Papers 2211.16984, arXiv.org.
    8. Salva Duran-Nebreda & Michael J. O’Brien & R. Alexander Bentley & Sergi Valverde, 2022. "Dilution of expertise in the rise and fall of collective innovation," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-10, December.
    9. Zhang, Qiao & Wang, Kai & Feng, Lin & Dai, Rui, 2023. "For better or worse: Impacts of information leakage by a common supplier with innovation imitation of downstream firms," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    10. Leonardo Mazzoni & Niccolò Innocenti, 2024. "What conditions favor high-potential entrepreneurship? Unpacking the nexus between the industrial structure and startup typologies," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 62(3), pages 1201-1222, March.
    11. Angélica Pigola & Priscila Rezende Costa, 2024. "Relational Capabilities into Small- and Middle-Sized Firms: a Mind-Blowing Strategic Asset," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(2), pages 6201-6225, June.
    12. Li, Emma & Mao, Mike Qinghao & Zhang, Hong Feng & Zheng, Hao, 2023. "Banks’ investments in fintech ventures," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    13. Frank Daumann & Florian Follert & Daniel Hamacher & Lasse Plöhn, 2023. "The early bird catches the worm: The impact of first‐mover advantage on long‐term elite team sport success," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(3), pages 1465-1475, April.
    14. Guckenbiehl, Peter & Corral de Zubielqui, Graciela & Lindsay, Noel, 2021. "Knowledge and innovation in start-up ventures: A systematic literature review and research agenda," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    15. Gaylen N. Chandler & Michael S. McLeod & J. Christian Broberg & Alexander McKelvie & Dawn R. DeTienne, 2024. "Customer engagement patterns and new venture outcomes," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 63(3), pages 1117-1138, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. M. Knockaert & T. Vanacker, 2011. "The Association between Venture Capitalists’ Selection and Value Adding Behavior: Evidence from Early Stage High Tech Venture Capitalists," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 11/741, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
    2. Lin, Jun-You, 2020. "What affects new venture firm’s innovation more in corporate venture capital?," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 646-660.
    3. Bhussar, Manjot S. & Sexton, Jennifer C. & Zorn, Michelle L. & Song, Yue, 2022. "High-tech acquisitions: How acquisition pace, venture maturity, and founder retention influence firm innovation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 620-635.
    4. Yao, Xinlin & Zhang, Peiran & Lu, Xianghua & Huang, Lihua, 2020. "Early or Late? Entry timing in online IT service markets and the moderating effects of market characteristics," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 265-277.
    5. McCann, Brian T. & Folta, Timothy B., 2011. "Performance differentials within geographic clusters," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 26(1), pages 104-123, January.
    6. Mirjam Knockaert & Tom Vanacker, 2013. "The association between venture capitalists’ selection and value adding behavior: evidence from early stage high tech venture capitalists," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 40(3), pages 493-509, April.
    7. Papazoglou, Michalis E. & Spanos, Yiannis E., 2021. "“Influential knowledge and financial performance: The role of time and rivals’ absorptive capacity”," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    8. Zakaryan, Arusyak, 2023. "Organizational knowledge networks, search and exploratory invention," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    9. Fangqing Wei & Yi Yang & Yao Chen & Feng Yang, 2022. "The effects of venture capital investments on industrial innovative opportunities and technological arbitrage opportunities," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(4), pages 2261-2280, April.
    10. Zhang, Feng & Jiang, Guohua & Cantwell, John A., 2019. "Geographically Dispersed Technological Capability Building and MNC Innovative Performance: The Role of Intra-firm Flows of Newly Absorbed Knowledge," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 1-1.
    11. Stefanie Weniger & Svenja Jarchow, 2023. "Between benefit and risk: how entrepreneurs evaluate corporate investors," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 93(5), pages 783-816, July.
    12. Christian Hackober & Carolin Bock, 2021. "Which investors’ characteristics are beneficial for initial coin offerings? Evidence from blockchain technology-based firms," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 91(8), pages 1085-1124, October.
    13. Lopez, Henry & Vanhaverbeke, Wim, 2009. "How innovation intermediaries are shaping the technology market? An analysis of their business model," MPRA Paper 27016, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2010.
    14. Zhang, Jiamin & Gu, Qian, 2021. "Turning a curse into a blessing: Contingent effects of geographic distance on startup–VC partnership performance," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 36(4).
    15. Rosenbusch, Nina & Brinckmann, Jan & Müller, Verena, 2013. "Does acquiring venture capital pay off for the funded firms? A meta-analysis on the relationship between venture capital investment and funded firm financial performance," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 28(3), pages 335-353.
    16. Gianluigi Giustiziero & Aseem Kaul & Brian Wu, 2019. "The Dynamics of Learning and Competition in Schumpeterian Environments," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 30(4), pages 668-693, July.
    17. Van de Vrande, Vareska & Vanhaverbeke, Wim & Duysters, Geert, 2009. "Additivity and complementarity in external technology sourcing: The added value of corporate venture capital investments," MPRA Paper 26419, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2010.
    18. Veer, Theresa & Yang, Philip & Riepe, Jan, 2022. "Ventures' conscious knowledge transfer to close partners, and beyond: A framework of performance, complementarity, knowledge disclosure, and knowledge broadcasting," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 37(3).
    19. Wadhwa, Anu & Phelps, Corey & Kotha, Suresh, 2016. "Corporate venture capital portfolios and firm innovation," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 95-112.
    20. Basu, Sandip & Phelps, Corey & Kotha, Suresh, 2011. "Towards understanding who makes corporate venture capital investments and why," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 153-171, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jbrese:v:109:y:2020:i:c:p:64-75. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jbusres .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.