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Macroenvironmental determinants of operational loss severity

Author

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  • Cope, Eric W.
  • Piche, Mark T.
  • Walter, John S.

Abstract

We investigate the relationships between the severity of operational loss events reported in the banking sector and various regulatory, legal, geographical, and economic indicators. Based on a data sample of over 57,000 losses incurred in more than 130 countries reported by the Operational Riskdata eXchange (ORX) consortium, we identify the most relevant exposure indicators for losses in four Basel II event categories: Internal Fraud; External Fraud; Employment Practices and Workplace Safety; and Clients, Products and Business Practices. We find evidence of significant correlations between Internal Fraud and constraints on executive power and the prevalence of insider trading. Clients, Products and Business Practices losses are significantly related to securities and shareholder protection laws, restrictions on banking activity, supervisory power, and the prevalence of insider trading. Other event types are sensitive to per-capita GDP and a governance index.

Suggested Citation

  • Cope, Eric W. & Piche, Mark T. & Walter, John S., 2012. "Macroenvironmental determinants of operational loss severity," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 1362-1380.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbfina:v:36:y:2012:i:5:p:1362-1380
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2011.11.022
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    1. Iñaki Aldasoro & Leonardo Gambacorta & Paolo Giudici & Thomas Leach, 2023. "Operational and Cyber Risks in the Financial Sector," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 19(5), pages 340-402, December.
    2. Xingnan Jiang, 2018. "Operational risk and its impact on North American and British banks," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(8), pages 920-933, February.
    3. Filippo Curti & W. Scott Frame & Atanas Mihov, 2022. "Are the Largest Banking Organizations Operationally More Risky?," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 54(5), pages 1223-1259, August.
    4. Allen N. Berger & Filippo Curti & Nika Lazaryan & Atanas Mihov & Raluca A. Roman, 2023. "Climate Risks in the U.S. Banking Sector: Evidence from Operational Losses and Extreme Storms," Working Papers 21-31, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
    5. Zhou, Xiaoping & Durfee, Antonina V. & Fabozzi, Frank J., 2016. "On stability of operational risk estimates by LDA: From causes to approaches," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 266-278.
    6. Larry Li & Imad Moosa, 2015. "Operational risk, the legal system and governance indicators: a country-level analysis," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(20), pages 2053-2072, April.
    7. Berger, Allen N. & Curti, Filippo & Mihov, Atanas & Sedunov, John, 2022. "Operational Risk is More Systemic than You Think: Evidence from U.S. Bank Holding Companies," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    8. Azamat Abdymomunov & Atanas Mihov, 2019. "Operational Risk and Risk Management Quality: Evidence from U.S. Bank Holding Companies," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 56(1), pages 73-93, August.
    9. Filippo Curti & Marco Migueis & Rob T. Stewart, 2019. "Benchmarking Operational Risk Stress Testing Models," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2019-038, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    10. Conlon, Thomas & Huan, Xing & Muckley, Cal B., 2024. "Does national culture influence malfeasance in banks around the world?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    11. Liu, Hang & Luo, Jin-hui & Wang, Xin, 2021. "Do controlling shareholders expropriate employees? Evidence from workplace fatalities in China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    12. Chernobai, Anna & Ozdagli, Ali & Wang, Jianlin, 2021. "Business complexity and risk management: Evidence from operational risk events in U.S. bank holding companies," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 418-440.
    13. Filippo Curti & Marco Migueis, 2016. "Predicting Operational Loss Exposure Using Past Losses," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2016-2, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    14. narjess BOUABDALLAH & jamel Eddine HENCHIRI, 2020. "L' impact des mécanismes de gouvernance interne sur le risque opérationnel bancaire," Journal of Academic Finance, RED research unit, university of Gabes, Tunisia, vol. 11(1), pages 151-189, June.
    15. Lu Wei & Jianping Li & Xiaoqian Zhu, 2018. "Operational Loss Data Collection: A Literature Review," Annals of Data Science, Springer, vol. 5(3), pages 313-337, September.
    16. Filippo Curti & Marco Migueis, 2023. "The Information Value of Past Losses in Operational Risk," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2023-003, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    17. Berlinger, Edina & Lilla Keresztúri, Judit & Lublóy, Ágnes & Vőneki Tamásné, Zsuzsanna, 2022. "Press freedom and operational losses: The monitoring role of the media," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    18. Roc'io Paredes & Marco Vega, 2020. "An internal fraud model for operational losses in retail banking," Papers 2002.03235, arXiv.org.
    19. Azamat Abdymomunov & Filippo Curti, 2020. "Quantifying and Stress Testing Operational Risk with Peer Banks’ Data," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 57(3), pages 287-313, June.
    20. W. Scott Frame & Ping McLemore & Atanas Mihov, 2020. "Haste Makes Waste: Banking Organization Growth and Operational Risk," Working Papers 2023, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
    21. Suren Pakhchanyan, 2016. "Operational Risk Management in Financial Institutions: A Literature Review," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-21, October.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Operational risk; Regulation; Basel II;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • K20 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - General
    • K22 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Business and Securities Law

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