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Operational Risk is More Systemic than You Think: Evidence from U.S. Bank Holding Companies

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  • Berger, Allen N.
  • Curti, Filippo
  • Mihov, Atanas
  • Sedunov, John

Abstract

While operational risk is generally perceived as idiosyncratic with limited systemic implications, we document that operational risk threatens financial stability. Using supervisory data on large U.S. Bank Holding Companies (BHCs), we find operational losses increase systemic risk through a direct channel that impairs market values of loss-experiencing BHCs as well as a channel of correlated losses that impact multiple institutions simultaneously. Findings are driven by tail events, more pronounced for systemically important and closer-to-distress BHCs, and vary by business lines, event types, and financial/economic environments. Our results extend the operational and systemic risk literatures and have key policy implications.

Suggested Citation

  • Berger, Allen N. & Curti, Filippo & Mihov, Atanas & Sedunov, John, 2022. "Operational Risk is More Systemic than You Think: Evidence from U.S. Bank Holding Companies," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbfina:v:143:y:2022:i:c:s0378426622001996
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2022.106619
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    2. Berger, Allen N. & Boot, Arnoud W.A., 2024. "Financial intermediation services and competition analyses: Review and paths forward for improvement," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    3. W. Scott Frame & Nika Lazaryan & Ping McLemore & Atanas Mihov, 2022. "Operational Loss Recoveries and the Macroeconomic Environment: Evidence from the U.S. Banking Sector," Working Papers 2215, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
    4. Katerina Ivanov, 2021. "Credit Enhancement Mechanism in Loan Securitization and Its Implication to Systemic Risk," Discussion Paper Series 2021-01, McColl School of Business, Queens University of Charlotte.
    5. Liu, Yulin & Wang, Junbo & Wen, Fenghua & Wu, Chunchi, 2024. "Climate policy uncertainty and bank systemic risk: A creative destruction perspective," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    6. Sune Ferreira-Schenk, 2023. "Leading Operational Risk Events For South African Banks: A Reputational Risk Perspective," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 13(3), pages 18-32, May.
    7. Lovena Ramdani & Sharanam Abbana & Ferina Marimuthu, 2024. "Enhancing Operational Risk Management in the Mauritian Banking Sector: A Structured Approach," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 14(4), pages 1-8, July.
    8. Frame, W. Scott & Lazaryan, Nika & McLemore, Ping & Mihov, Atanas, 2024. "Operational loss recoveries and the macroeconomic environment: Evidence from the U.S. banking sector," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    9. Paul M. Guest, 2021. "Risk Management in Financial Institutions: A Replication," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(5), pages 2689-2707, October.
    10. Xu, Xiaoming & Ren, Xingzi & He, Feng, 2024. "Climate policy uncertainty and bank liquidity creation," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    11. Allen N. Berger & Filippo Curti & Nika Lazaryan & Atanas Mihov & Raluca A. Roman, 2023. "Climate Risks in the U.S. Banking Sector: Evidence from Operational Losses and Extreme Storms," Working Papers 21-31, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
    12. Boungou, Whelsy, 2023. "Cyber-attacks and banking intermediation," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    13. Pascal Böni & Heinz Zimmermann, 2024. "The Credit Suisse bailout in hindsight: not a bitter pill to swallow, but a case to follow," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 38(1), pages 1-35, March.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Banking; Systemic Risk; Operational Risk;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G19 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Other
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

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