IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/intfin/v59y2019icp90-105.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Does the two-stage IPO process reduce underpricing and long run underperformance? Evidence from Chinese firms listed in the U.S

Author

Listed:
  • Jog, Vijay
  • Otchere, Isaac
  • Sun, Chengye

Abstract

Using hand collected data, we test existing hypotheses relating to underpricing and long-term post-IPO performance of two stage IPOs conducted by Chinese firms in the U.S. We find that the two-stage strategy is less costly than conventional IPO process. The underpricing experienced by the two-stage firms in the U.S. is much lower than that realized by conventional Chinese and US domestic IPOs. While two stage firms’ shares underperform those of the control firms in the long run, they exhibit better operating performance than conventional IPOs in the U.S where they raise equity capital. The fact that the two-stage IPO firms exhibit lower operating performance than matched Chinese IPOs is consistent with the assertion that the Chinese IPOs are of better quality than the two-stage IPOs. We also find that two-stage firms with a longer time interval between the listing and IPO dates exhibit lower information asymmetry, pay lower underwriting fees and experience a smaller degree of underpricing and better long-term performance. Overall, the preponderance of our results supports the resolution of information asymmetry hypothesis for the two stage firms.

Suggested Citation

  • Jog, Vijay & Otchere, Isaac & Sun, Chengye, 2019. "Does the two-stage IPO process reduce underpricing and long run underperformance? Evidence from Chinese firms listed in the U.S," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 90-105.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:intfin:v:59:y:2019:i:c:p:90-105
    DOI: 10.1016/j.intfin.2018.11.007
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1042443118304682
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.intfin.2018.11.007?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. John Y. Campbell & Martin Lettau & Burton G. Malkiel & Yexiao Xu, 2001. "Have Individual Stocks Become More Volatile? An Empirical Exploration of Idiosyncratic Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 56(1), pages 1-43, February.
    2. Hsuan‐Chi Chen & Jay R. Ritter, 2000. "The Seven Percent Solution," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(3), pages 1105-1131, June.
    3. Jay R. Ritter & Ivo Welch, 2002. "A Review of IPO Activity, Pricing, and Allocations," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 57(4), pages 1795-1828, August.
    4. Robert Bruner & Susan Chaplinsky & Latha Ramchand, 2004. "US-Bound IPOs: Issue Costs and Selective Entry," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 33(3), Fall.
    5. Paul A. Gompers & Josh Lerner, 2003. "The Really Long‐Run Performance of Initial Public Offerings: The Pre‐Nasdaq Evidence," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 58(4), pages 1355-1392, August.
    6. Cécile Carpentier & Douglas Cumming & Jean‐Marc Suret, 2012. "The Value of Capital Market Regulation: IPOs Versus Reverse Mergers," Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 9(1), pages 56-91, March.
    7. Susana Álvarez & Víctor M. González, 2005. "Signalling and the Long-run Performance of Spanish Initial Public Offerings (IPOs)," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(1-2), pages 325-350.
    8. Allen, Franklin & Gale, Douglas, 1999. "Diversity of Opinion and Financing of New Technologies," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 8(1-2), pages 68-89, January.
    9. Jain, Bharat A & Kini, Omesh, 1994. "The Post-Issue Operating Performance of IPO Firms," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 49(5), pages 1699-1726, December.
    10. Reena Aggarwal & Ricardo Leal & Leonardo Hernandez, 1993. "The Aftermarket Performance of Initial Public Offerings in Latin America," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 22(1), Spring.
    11. Arellano Ostoa, Augusto & Brusco, Sandro, 2002. "Understanding reverse mergers: a first approach," DEE - Working Papers. Business Economics. WB wb021711, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía de la Empresa.
    12. R. Greg Bell & Curt B. Moore & Hussam A. Al–Shammari, 2008. "Country of Origin and Foreign IPO Legitimacy: Understanding the Role of Geographic Scope and Insider Ownership," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 32(1), pages 185-202, January.
    13. Maria Borges, 2007. "Underpricing of Initial Public Offerings: The Case of Portugal," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 13(1), pages 65-80, February.
    14. Kooli, Maher & Suret, Jean-Marc, 2004. "The aftermarket performance of initial public offerings in Canada," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 47-66, February.
    15. Shiller, Robert J, 1990. "Speculative Prices and Popular Models," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 4(2), pages 55-65, Spring.
    16. Susana Álvarez & Víctor M. González, 2005. "Signalling and the Long‐run Performance of Spanish Initial Public Offerings (IPOs)," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(1‐2), pages 325-350, January.
    17. Ritter, Jay R., 2003. "Investment banking and securities issuance," Handbook of the Economics of Finance, in: G.M. Constantinides & M. Harris & R. M. Stulz (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 5, pages 255-306, Elsevier.
    18. Luo, Yongli & Fang, Fang & Esqueda, Omar A., 2012. "The overseas listing puzzle: Post-IPO performance of Chinese stocks and ADRs in the U.S. market," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 22(5), pages 193-211.
    19. Padma Kadiyala & Avanidhar Subrahmanyam, 2002. "Foreign Firms Issuing Equity on US Exchanges: An Empirical Investigation of IPOs and SEOs," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 3(1), pages 27-51, March.
    20. Chen Su & Kenbata Bangassa, 2011. "Underpricing and long-run performance of Chinese IPOs: the role of underwriter reputation," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 25(1), pages 53-74, March.
    21. repec:bla:jfinan:v:53:y:1998:i:6:p:1935-1974 is not listed on IDEAS
    22. Gleason, Kimberly C. & Rosenthal, Leonard & Wiggins III, Roy A., 2005. "Backing into being public: an exploratory analysis of reverse takeovers," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 54-79, December.
    23. Loughran, Tim & Ritter, Jay R, 1995. "The New Issues Puzzle," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 50(1), pages 23-51, March.
    24. Krupa S. Viswanathan, 2006. "The Pricing of Insurer Demutualization Initial Public Offerings," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 73(3), pages 439-468, September.
    25. repec:bla:jfinan:v:53:y:1998:i:1:p:285-311 is not listed on IDEAS
    26. Frederick Adjei & Ken Cyree & Mark Walker, 2008. "The determinants and survival of reverse mergers vs IPOs," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 32(2), pages 176-194, April.
    27. Otchere, Isaac & Owusu-Antwi, George & Mohsni, Sana, 2013. "Why are stock exchange IPOs so underpriced and yet outperform in the long run?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 76-98.
    28. John D. Lyon & Brad M. Barber & Chih‐Ling Tsai, 1999. "Improved Methods for Tests of Long‐Run Abnormal Stock Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 54(1), pages 165-201, February.
    29. repec:zbw:bofrdp:2008_010 is not listed on IDEAS
    30. Wang, Changyun, 2005. "Ownership and operating performance of Chinese IPOs," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(7), pages 1835-1856, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Ning, Shaolin & Hsieh, Meng-Fen & Lee, Chi-Chuan, 2020. "The going-public decision and rent-seeking activities: Evidence from Chinese private companies," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 44(1).
    2. Nguyen Van Tan & Ninh Thi Trang, 2023. "The long-run performance of initial public offerings: evidence from a transition economy," Afro-Asian Journal of Finance and Accounting, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 13(5), pages 574-591.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Seung‐Doo Choi & Inmoo Lee & William Megginson, 2010. "Do Privatization IPOs Outperform in the Long Run?," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 39(1), pages 153-185, March.
    2. Keun Jung Lee, 2021. "The Effects of Privatization and Corporate Governance of SOEs in Transition Economies: The Case of Kazakhstan," ADB Institute Series on Development Economics, in: Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary & Naoyuki Yoshino & Chul Ju Kim & Kunmin Kim (ed.), Reforming State-Owned Enterprises in Asia, chapter 0, pages 113-132, Springer.
    3. Shikha Bhatia & Balwinder Singh, 2012. "Examining the Performance of IPOs," Management and Labour Studies, XLRI Jamshedpur, School of Business Management & Human Resources, vol. 37(3), pages 219-251, August.
    4. Alanazi, Ahmed S. & Al-Zoubi, Haitham A., 2015. "Extreme IPO underpricing and the legal environment in wealthy emerging economies," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 83-103.
    5. Kooli, Maher & Suret, Jean-Marc, 2004. "The aftermarket performance of initial public offerings in Canada," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 47-66, February.
    6. Janice CY How & Kian Ngo & Peter Verhoeven, 2011. "Dividend initiations and long-run IPO performance," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 36(2), pages 267-286, August.
    7. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Ning, Shaolin & Hsieh, Meng-Fen & Lee, Chi-Chuan, 2020. "The going-public decision and rent-seeking activities: Evidence from Chinese private companies," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 44(1).
    8. Nguyen Van Tan & Ninh Thi Trang, 2023. "The long-run performance of initial public offerings: evidence from a transition economy," Afro-Asian Journal of Finance and Accounting, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 13(5), pages 574-591.
    9. Hahl, Teemu & Vähämaa, Sami & Äijö, Janne, 2014. "Value versus growth in IPOs: New evidence from Finland," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 17-31.
    10. Zhang Hanbing & Jeffrey E. Jarrett & Xia Pan, 2021. "The Post-IPO Performance in the PRC," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 14(11), pages 109-109, July.
    11. Otchere, Isaac & Owusu-Antwi, George & Mohsni, Sana, 2013. "Why are stock exchange IPOs so underpriced and yet outperform in the long run?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 76-98.
    12. Cristiana Cardi & Camilla Mazzoli & Sabrina Severini, 2019. "People have the power: post IPO effects of intellectual capital disclosure," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 43(2), pages 228-255, April.
    13. Satta, Giovanni & Notteboom, Theo & Parola, Francesco & Persico, Luca, 2017. "Determinants of the long-term performance of initial public offerings (IPOs) in the port industry," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 135-153.
    14. Diro Ejara, Demissew & Ghosh, Chinmoy, 2004. "Underpricing and aftermarket performance of American depositary receipts (ADR) IPOs," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(12), pages 3151-3186, December.
    15. Maher Kooli & Jean-François L'Her & Jean-Marc Suret, 2003. "Do IPOs Underperform in the Long-Run? New Evidence from the Canadian Stock Market," CIRANO Working Papers 2003s-16, CIRANO.
    16. Nurwahida Yaakub & Mohamed Sherif & Roszaini Haniffa, 2018. "The Post-issue Market Performance of Initial Public Offerings: Empirical Evidence from the Malaysian Stock Markets," Journal of Emerging Market Finance, Institute for Financial Management and Research, vol. 17(3_suppl), pages 376-414, December.
    17. Peng Cheng & David McMillan, 2015. "Do initial reserves signal long-term IPO stock performance?," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 3(1), pages 1018697-101, December.
    18. Xie, Xiaoying, 2010. "Are publicly held firms less efficient? Evidence from the US property-liability insurance industry," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(7), pages 1549-1563, July.
    19. Saade, Samer, 2015. "Investor sentiment and the underperformance of technology firms initial public offerings," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 205-232.
    20. Danny Yeung, 2012. "The Impact of Institutional Ownership: A Study of the Australian Equity Market," PhD Thesis, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney, number 11, July-Dece.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Two-stage firms; IPO; SPACs; Information asymmetry resolution;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F30 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - General
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:intfin:v:59:y:2019:i:c:p:90-105. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/intfin .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.