IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/insuma/v69y2016icp127-137.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Valuation of guaranteed minimum maturity benefits in variable annuities with surrender options

Author

Listed:
  • Shen, Yang
  • Sherris, Michael
  • Ziveyi, Jonathan

Abstract

We present a numerical approach to the pricing of guaranteed minimum maturity benefits embedded in variable annuity contracts in the case where the guarantees can be surrendered at any time prior to maturity that improves on current approaches. Surrender charges are important in practice and are imposed as a way of discouraging early termination of variable annuity contracts. We formulate the valuation framework and focus on the surrender option as an American put option pricing problem and derive the corresponding pricing partial differential equation by using hedging arguments and Itô’s Lemma. Given the underlying stochastic evolution of the fund, we also present the associated transition density partial differential equation allowing us to develop solutions. An explicit integral expression for the pricing partial differential equation is then presented with the aid of Duhamel’s principle. Our analysis is relevant to risk management applications since we derive an expression of the delta for the sensitivity analysis of the guarantee fees with respect to changes in the underlying fund value. We provide algorithms for implementing the integral expressions for the price, the corresponding early exercise boundary and the delta of the surrender option. We quantify and assess the sensitivity of the prices, early exercise boundaries and deltas to changes in the underlying variables including an analysis of the fair insurance fees.

Suggested Citation

  • Shen, Yang & Sherris, Michael & Ziveyi, Jonathan, 2016. "Valuation of guaranteed minimum maturity benefits in variable annuities with surrender options," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 127-137.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:insuma:v:69:y:2016:i:c:p:127-137
    DOI: 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2016.04.006
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167668715302985
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2016.04.006?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Costabile, Massimo & Massabó, Ivar & Russo, Emilio, 2008. "A binomial model for valuing equity-linked policies embedding surrender options," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 873-886, June.
    2. Shen, Weixi & Xu, Huiping, 2005. "The valuation of unit-linked policies with or without surrender options," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 79-92, February.
    3. Jing-Zhi Huang & Marti G. Subrahmanyam & G. George Yu, 1999. "Pricing And Hedging American Options: A Recursive Integration Method," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Marco Avellaneda (ed.), Quantitative Analysis In Financial Markets Collected Papers of the New York University Mathematical Finance Seminar, chapter 8, pages 219-239, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    4. Milevsky, Moshe A. & Salisbury, Thomas S., 2006. "Financial valuation of guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 21-38, February.
    5. Siim Kallast & Andi Kivinukk, 2003. "Pricing and Hedging American Options Using Approximations by Kim Integral Equations," Review of Finance, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 361-383.
    6. Siu, Tak Kuen, 2005. "Fair valuation of participating policies with surrender options and regime switching," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 533-552, December.
    7. Siim Kallast & Andi Kivinukk, 2003. "Pricing and Hedging American Options Using Approximations by Kim Integral Equations," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 7(3), pages 361-383.
    8. S. D. Jacka, 1991. "Optimal Stopping and the American Put," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 1(2), pages 1-14, April.
    9. Bernard, Carole & MacKay, Anne & Muehlbeyer, Max, 2014. "Optimal surrender policy for variable annuity guarantees," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 116-128.
    10. Hyndman, Cody B. & Wenger, Menachem, 2014. "Valuation perspectives and decompositions for variable annuities with GMWB riders," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 283-290.
    11. Bauer, Daniel & Kling, Alexander & Russ, Jochen, 2008. "A Universal Pricing Framework for Guaranteed Minimum Benefits in Variable Annuities 1," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 38(2), pages 621-651, November.
    12. Carl Chiarella & Jonathan Ziveyi, 2014. "Pricing American options written on two underlying assets," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(3), pages 409-426, March.
    13. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-654, May-June.
    14. Peter Carr & Robert Jarrow & Ravi Myneni, 2008. "Alternative Characterizations Of American Put Options," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Financial Derivatives Pricing Selected Works of Robert Jarrow, chapter 5, pages 85-103, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jeon, Junkee & Kwak, Minsuk, 2018. "Optimal surrender strategies and valuations of path-dependent guarantees in variable annuities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 93-109.
    2. Kang, Boda & Ziveyi, Jonathan, 2018. "Optimal surrender of guaranteed minimum maturity benefits under stochastic volatility and interest rates," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 43-56.
    3. Ankush Agarwal & Christian-Oliver Ewald & Yongjie Wang, 2023. "Hedging longevity risk in defined contribution pension schemes," Computational Management Science, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 1-34, December.
    4. Zhenyu Cui & Anne MacKay & Marie-Claude Vachon, 2022. "Analysis of VIX-linked fee incentives in variable annuities via continuous-time Markov chain approximation," Papers 2207.14793, arXiv.org.
    5. Antonio L. Martire & Emilio Russo & Alessandro Staino, 2023. "Surrender and path-dependent guarantees in variable annuities: integral equation solutions and benchmark methods," Decisions in Economics and Finance, Springer;Associazione per la Matematica, vol. 46(1), pages 177-220, June.
    6. Anne MacKay & Adriana Ocejo, 2022. "Portfolio Optimization With a Guaranteed Minimum Maturity Benefit and Risk-Adjusted Fees," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 1021-1049, June.
    7. Jennifer Alonso Garcia & Michael Sherris & Samuel Thirurajah & Jonathan Ziveyi, 2020. "Taxation and policyholder behavior: the case of guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/307889, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kang, Boda & Ziveyi, Jonathan, 2018. "Optimal surrender of guaranteed minimum maturity benefits under stochastic volatility and interest rates," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 43-56.
    2. Carl Chiarella & Jonathan Ziveyi, 2014. "Pricing American options written on two underlying assets," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(3), pages 409-426, March.
    3. Andrew Ziogas, 2005. "Pricing American Options Using Fourier Analysis," PhD Thesis, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney, number 2-2005, January-A.
    4. Minqiang Li, 2010. "Analytical approximations for the critical stock prices of American options: a performance comparison," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 75-99, April.
    5. Jonathan Ziveyi, 2011. "The Evaluation of Early Exercise Exotic Options," PhD Thesis, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney, number 12, July-Dece.
    6. Denis Veliu & Roberto De Marchis & Mario Marino & Antonio Luciano Martire, 2022. "An Alternative Numerical Scheme to Approximate the Early Exercise Boundary of American Options," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-12, December.
    7. Andrew Ziogas, 2005. "Pricing American Options Using Fourier Analysis," PhD Thesis, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney, number 29, July-Dece.
    8. Jonathan Ziveyi, 2011. "The Evaluation of Early Exercise Exotic Options," PhD Thesis, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney, number 2-2011, January-A.
    9. Detemple, Jérôme & Emmerling, Thomas, 2009. "American chooser options," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 128-153, January.
    10. Weihan Li & Jin E. Zhang & Xinfeng Ruan & Pakorn Aschakulporn, 2024. "An empirical study on the early exercise premium of American options: Evidence from OEX and XEO options," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(7), pages 1117-1153, July.
    11. Pressacco, Flavio & Gaudenzi, Marcellino & Zanette, Antonino & Ziani, Laura, 2008. "New insights on testing the efficiency of methods of pricing and hedging American options," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 185(1), pages 235-254, February.
    12. Cristina Viegas & José Azevedo-Pereira, 2020. "A Quasi-Closed-Form Solution for the Valuation of American Put Options," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-16, October.
    13. Luca Vincenzo Ballestra, 2018. "Fast and accurate calculation of American option prices," Decisions in Economics and Finance, Springer;Associazione per la Matematica, vol. 41(2), pages 399-426, November.
    14. Fabozzi, Frank J. & Paletta, Tommaso & Stanescu, Silvia & Tunaru, Radu, 2016. "An improved method for pricing and hedging long dated American options," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 254(2), pages 656-666.
    15. Doriana Ruffino & Jonathan Treussard, 2006. "Lumps and Clusters in Duopolistic Investment Games: An Early Exercise Premium Approach," Boston University - Department of Economics - Working Papers Series WP2006-044, Boston University - Department of Economics.
    16. Zhenyu Cui & Anne MacKay & Marie-Claude Vachon, 2022. "Analysis of VIX-linked fee incentives in variable annuities via continuous-time Markov chain approximation," Papers 2207.14793, arXiv.org.
    17. Andrew Ziogas & Carl Chiarella, 2004. "Pricing American Options on Jump-Diffusion Processes using Fourier-Hermite Series Expansions," Computing in Economics and Finance 2004 177, Society for Computational Economics.
    18. Barone-Adesi, Giovanni, 2005. "The saga of the American put," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(11), pages 2909-2918, November.
    19. Chung, San-Lin & Hung, Mao-Wei & Wang, Jr-Yan, 2010. "Tight bounds on American option prices," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 77-89, January.
    20. Manuel Moreno & Javier Navas, 2003. "On the Robustness of Least-Squares Monte Carlo (LSM) for Pricing American Derivatives," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 6(2), pages 107-128, May.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Variable annuity; Guaranteed minimum maturity benefit; Surrender option; Numerical integration; Hedge ratios;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C63 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computational Techniques
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G22 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:insuma:v:69:y:2016:i:c:p:127-137. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505554 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.