IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/insuma/v51y2012i2p472-479.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Asymptotic consistency and inconsistency of the chain ladder

Author

Listed:
  • Pešta, Michal
  • Hudecová, Šárka

Abstract

The distribution-free chain ladder reserving method belongs to the most frequently used approaches in general insurance. It is well known, see Mack (1993), that the estimators f̂j of the development factors are unbiased and mutually uncorrelated under some mild conditions on the mean structure and under the assumption of independence of the claims in different accident years. In this article we deal with some asymptotic properties of f̂j. Necessary and sufficient conditions for asymptotic consistency of the estimators of true development factors fj are provided. A rate of convergence for the consistency is derived. Possible violation of these conditions and its consequences are discussed, and some practical recommendations are given. Numerical simulations and a real data example are provided as well.

Suggested Citation

  • Pešta, Michal & Hudecová, Šárka, 2012. "Asymptotic consistency and inconsistency of the chain ladder," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(2), pages 472-479.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:insuma:v:51:y:2012:i:2:p:472-479
    DOI: 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2012.07.004
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167668712000832
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2012.07.004?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mack, Thomas, 1993. "Distribution-free Calculation of the Standard Error of Chain Ladder Reserve Estimates," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 23(2), pages 213-225, November.
    2. England, P.D. & Verrall, R.J., 2002. "Stochastic Claims Reserving in General Insurance," British Actuarial Journal, Cambridge University Press, vol. 8(3), pages 443-518, August.
    3. Mack, Thomas, 1994. "Which stochastic model is underlying the chain ladder method?," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(2-3), pages 133-138, December.
    4. Renshaw, A.E. & Verrall, R.J., 1998. "A Stochastic Model Underlying the Chain-Ladder Technique," British Actuarial Journal, Cambridge University Press, vol. 4(4), pages 903-923, October.
    5. Taylor, G. C. & Ashe, F. R., 1983. "Second moments of estimates of outstanding claims," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 37-61, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Pešta, Michal & Okhrin, Ostap, 2014. "Conditional least squares and copulae in claims reserving for a single line of business," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 28-37.
    2. Hudecová, Šárka & Pešta, Michal, 2013. "Modeling dependencies in claims reserving with GEE," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 786-794.
    3. Mat'uv{s} Maciak & Ostap Okhrin & Michal Pev{s}ta, 2018. "Dynamic and granular loss reserving with copulae," Papers 1801.01792, arXiv.org.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Pitselis, Georgios & Grigoriadou, Vasiliki & Badounas, Ioannis, 2015. "Robust loss reserving in a log-linear model," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 14-27.
    2. Portugal, Luís & Pantelous, Athanasios A. & Verrall, Richard, 2021. "Univariate and multivariate claims reserving with Generalized Link Ratios," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 57-67.
    3. Leonardo Costa & Adrian Pizzinga, 2020. "State‐space models for predicting IBNR reserve in row‐wise ordered runoff triangles: Calendar year IBNR reserves & tail effects," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(3), pages 438-448, April.
    4. Verrall, R.J. & England, P.D., 2005. "Incorporating expert opinion into a stochastic model for the chain-ladder technique," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 355-370, October.
    5. Gao, Guangyuan & Meng, Shengwang & Shi, Yanlin, 2021. "Dispersion modelling of outstanding claims with double Poisson regression models," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(PB), pages 572-586.
    6. England, P.D. & Verrall, R.J. & Wüthrich, M.V., 2019. "On the lifetime and one-year views of reserve risk, with application to IFRS 17 and Solvency II risk margins," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 74-88.
    7. Verdonck, T. & Debruyne, M., 2011. "The influence of individual claims on the chain-ladder estimates: Analysis and diagnostic tool," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 85-98, January.
    8. Benjamin Avanzi & Xingyun Tan & Greg Taylor & Bernard Wong, 2023. "On the evolution of data breach reporting patterns and frequency in the United States: a cross-state analysis," Papers 2310.04786, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2024.
    9. Gian Paolo Clemente & Nino Savelli & Diego Zappa, 2019. "Modelling Outstanding Claims with Mixed Compound Processes in Insurance," International Business Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 12(3), pages 123-138, March.
    10. Eduardo Ramos-P'erez & Pablo J. Alonso-Gonz'alez & Jos'e Javier N'u~nez-Vel'azquez, 2020. "Stochastic reserving with a stacked model based on a hybridized Artificial Neural Network," Papers 2008.07564, arXiv.org.
    11. Liivika Tee & Meelis Käärik & Rauno Viin, 2017. "On Comparison of Stochastic Reserving Methods with Bootstrapping," Risks, MDPI, vol. 5(1), pages 1-21, January.
    12. Peters, Gareth W. & Targino, Rodrigo S. & Wüthrich, Mario V., 2017. "Full Bayesian analysis of claims reserving uncertainty," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 41-53.
    13. Lindholm, Mathias & Verrall, Richard, 2020. "Regression based reserving models and partial information," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 109-124.
    14. Stephan M. Bischofberger, 2020. "In-Sample Hazard Forecasting Based on Survival Models with Operational Time," Risks, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-17, January.
    15. Taylor, Greg, 2021. "A special Tweedie sub-family with application to loss reserving prediction error," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(PB), pages 262-288.
    16. Steinmetz, Julia & Jentsch, Carsten, 2022. "Asymptotic theory for Mack's model," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 223-268.
    17. Björkwall, Susanna & Hössjer, Ola & Ohlsson, Esbjörn & Verrall, Richard, 2011. "A generalized linear model with smoothing effects for claims reserving," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 27-37, July.
    18. Kunkler, Michael, 2006. "Modelling negatives in stochastic reserving models," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 540-555, June.
    19. D Kuang & Bent Nielsen & J P Nielsen, 2013. "The Geometric Chain-Ladder," Economics Papers 2013-W11, Economics Group, Nuffield College, University of Oxford.
    20. Jonas Harnau, 2018. "Log-Normal or Over-Dispersed Poisson?," Risks, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-37, July.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    IM10; IM20; Claims reserving; Chain ladder; Asymptotic properties; Development factors;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C13 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Estimation: General
    • C18 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Methodolical Issues: General
    • G22 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:insuma:v:51:y:2012:i:2:p:472-479. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505554 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.