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Valuing variable annuity guarantees with the multivariate Esscher transform

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  • Ng, Andrew Cheuk-Yin
  • Li, Johnny Siu-Hang

Abstract

Variable annuities are usually sold with a range of guarantees that protect annuity holders from some downside market risk. Although it is common to see variable annuity guarantees written on multiple funds, existing pricing methods are, by and large, based on stochastic processes for one single asset only. In this article, we fill this gap by developing a multivariate valuation framework. First, we consider a multivariate regime-switching model for modeling returns on various assets at the same time. We then identify a risk-neutral probability measure for use with the model under consideration. This is accomplished by a multivariate extension of the regime-switching conditional Esscher transform. We further extend our results to the situation when the guarantee being valued is linked to equity indexes measured in foreign currencies. In particular, we derive a probability measure that is risk-neutral from the perspective of domestic investors. Finally, we illustrate our results with a hypothetical variable annuity guarantee.

Suggested Citation

  • Ng, Andrew Cheuk-Yin & Li, Johnny Siu-Hang, 2011. "Valuing variable annuity guarantees with the multivariate Esscher transform," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(3), pages 393-400.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:insuma:v:49:y:2011:i:3:p:393-400
    DOI: 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2011.06.003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bacinello, Anna Rita & Millossovich, Pietro & Olivieri, Annamaria & Pitacco, Ermanno, 2011. "Variable annuities: A unifying valuation approach," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(3), pages 285-297.
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    3. Siu, Tak Kuen, 2005. "Fair valuation of participating policies with surrender options and regime switching," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 533-552, December.
    4. Milevsky, Moshe A. & Salisbury, Thomas S., 2006. "Financial valuation of guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 21-38, February.
    5. Robert J. Elliott & Leunglung Chan & Tak Kuen Siu, 2005. "Option pricing and Esscher transform under regime switching," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 1(4), pages 423-432, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Feng, Runhuan & Huang, Huaxiong, 2016. "Statutory financial reporting for variable annuity guaranteed death benefits: Market practice, mathematical modeling and computation," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 54-64.
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    3. Lee, Hangsuck & Lee, Minha & Ko, Bangwon, 2022. "A semi-analytic valuation of two-asset barrier options and autocallable products using Brownian bridge," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    4. Lee, Hangsuck & Ha, Hongjun & Lee, Minha, 2021. "Valuation of piecewise linear barrier options," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
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    6. Fan, Kun & Shen, Yang & Siu, Tak Kuen & Wang, Rongming, 2015. "Pricing annuity guarantees under a double regime-switching model," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 62-78.
    7. Godin, Frédéric & Lai, Van Son & Trottier, Denis-Alexandre, 2019. "Option pricing under regime-switching models: Novel approaches removing path-dependence," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 130-142.
    8. Hangsuck Lee & Gaeun Lee & Seongjoo Song, 2022. "Multi‐step reflection principle and barrier options," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(4), pages 692-721, April.
    9. Li, Johnny Siu-Hang & Ng, Andrew C.Y. & Chan, Wai-Sum, 2015. "Managing financial risk in Chinese stock markets: Option pricing and modeling under a multivariate threshold autoregression," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 217-230.
    10. Zhou, Jiang & Wu, Lan, 2015. "Valuing equity-linked death benefits with a threshold expense strategy," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 79-90.
    11. Gan, Guojun, 2013. "Application of data clustering and machine learning in variable annuity valuation," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 795-801.
    12. Hangsuck Lee & Gaeun Lee & Seongjoo Song, 2021. "Multi-step Reflection Principle and Barrier Options," Papers 2105.15008, arXiv.org.
    13. Huang, H. & Milevsky, M.A. & Salisbury, T.S., 2014. "Optimal initiation of a GLWB in a variable annuity: No Arbitrage approach," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 102-111.
    14. Denis-Alexandre Trottier & Frédéric Godin & Emmanuel Hamel, 2018. "On Fund Mapping Regressions Applied to Segregated Funds Hedging Under Regime-Switching Dynamics," Risks, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-15, August.
    15. Ng, Andrew C.Y. & Li, Johnny Siu-Hang & Chan, Wai-Sum, 2013. "Pricing options on stocks denominated in different currencies: Theory and illustrations," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 339-354.
    16. Pauline Milaure Ngugnie Diffouo & Pierre Devolder, 2020. "Longevity Risk Measurement of Life Annuity Products," Risks, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-16, March.
    17. Hangsuck Lee & Hongjun Ha & Minha Lee, 2022. "Piecewise linear double barrier options," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(1), pages 125-151, January.
    18. Hangsuck Lee & Hongjun Ha & Minha Lee, 2022. "Piecewise linear boundary crossing probabilities, barrier options, and variable annuities," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(12), pages 2248-2272, December.
    19. Lee, Hangsuck & Ko, Bangwon & Song, Seongjoo, 2019. "Valuing step barrier options and their icicled variations," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 396-411.

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