IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/indorg/v91y2023ics016771872300098x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Bank-platform competition in the credit market

Author

Listed:
  • Biancini, Sara
  • Verdier, Marianne

Abstract

We analyze the equilibrium in the credit market when a bank and a lending platform compete to offer credit to borrowers. The platform does not manage deposit accounts, but acts as an intermediary between the borrower and investor, offering a risky contract such that the investor is only reimbursed if the borrower is successful. We show that the platform business model of financial intermediation may generate unexpected effects in the credit market. In particular, investor participation in the platform sometimes decreases when the platform attracts better-quality borrowers. When it competes with the platform, depending on the respective distributions of borrower and investor types, the bank may expand the supply of credit to low-quality borrowers, or restrict it to high-quality borrowers. Bank-platform competition expands the total supply of credit, but has an ambiguous impact on borrower surplus, because some borrowers may have higher repayments.

Suggested Citation

  • Biancini, Sara & Verdier, Marianne, 2023. "Bank-platform competition in the credit market," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:indorg:v:91:y:2023:i:c:s016771872300098x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2023.103029
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016771872300098X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2023.103029?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Marie-Odile Yanelle, 1997. "Banking Competition and Market Efficiency," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 64(2), pages 215-239.
    2. Bester, Helmut, 1994. "The Role of Collateral in a Model of Debt Renegotiation," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 26(1), pages 72-86, February.
    3. He, Zhiguo & Huang, Jing & Zhou, Jidong, 2023. "Open banking: Credit market competition when borrowers own the data," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(2), pages 449-474.
    4. Rajkamal Iyer & Asim Ijaz Khwaja & Erzo F. P. Luttmer & Kelly Shue, 2016. "Screening Peers Softly: Inferring the Quality of Small Borrowers," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 62(6), pages 1554-1577, June.
    5. Olena Havrylchyk & Marianne Verdier, 2018. "The Financial Intermediation Role of the P2P Lending Platforms," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 60(1), pages 115-130, March.
    6. Christine A Parlour & Uday Rajan & Haoxiang Zhu, 2022. "When FinTech Competes for Payment Flows," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 35(11), pages 4985-5024.
    7. Calebe de Roure & Loriana Pelizzon & Anjan Thakor, 2022. "P2P Lenders versus Banks: Cream Skimming or Bottom Fishing? [Loan officer incentives, internal rating models and default rates]," The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 11(2), pages 213-262.
    8. Andreas Fuster & Matthew Plosser & Philipp Schnabl & James Vickery, 2019. "The Role of Technology in Mortgage Lending," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 1854-1899.
    9. Gregory S. Crawford & Nicola Pavanini & Fabiano Schivardi, 2018. "Asymmetric Information and Imperfect Competition in Lending Markets," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 108(7), pages 1659-1701, July.
    10. Tri Vi Dang & Gary Gorton & Bengt Holmström & Guillermo Ordoñez, 2017. "Banks as Secret Keepers," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 107(4), pages 1005-1029, April.
    11. Douglas W. Diamond & Philip H. Dybvig, 2000. "Bank runs, deposit insurance, and liquidity," Quarterly Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, vol. 24(Win), pages 14-23.
    12. Franklin Allen & Elena Carletti & Robert Marquez, 2011. "Credit Market Competition and Capital Regulation," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 24(4), pages 983-1018.
    13. Havrylchyk Olena & Mariotto Carlotta & Rahim Talal & Verdier Marianne, 2020. "The Expansion of Peer-to-Peer Lending," Review of Network Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 19(3), pages 145-187, September.
    14. Stijn Claessens & Jon Frost & Grant Turner & Feng Zhu, 2018. "Fintech credit markets around the world: size, drivers and policy issues," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, September.
    15. Belleflamme, Paul & Peitz, Martin & Toulemonde, Eric, 2022. "The tension between market shares and profit under platform competition," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    16. Inessa Liskovich & Maya Shaton, 2017. "Borrowers in Search of Feedback : Evidence from Consumer Credit Markets," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2017-049, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    17. Besanko, David & Thakor, Anjan V, 1987. "Collateral and Rationing: Sorting Equilibria in Monopolistic and Competitive Credit Markets," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 28(3), pages 671-689, October.
    18. Todd Kaplan, 2006. "Why banks should keep secrets," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 27(2), pages 341-357, January.
    19. Frédérique Bracoud, 2002. "Sequential Models of Bertrand Competition for Deposits and Loans under Asymmetric Information," Game Theory and Information 0211002, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Liran Einav & Amy Finkelstein, 2011. "Selection in Insurance Markets: Theory and Empirics in Pictures," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 25(1), pages 115-138, Winter.
    21. Bouvard, Matthieu & Casamatta, Catherine & Xiong, Rui, 2022. "Lending and monitoring: Big Tech vs Banks," TSE Working Papers 22-1386, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
    22. Douglas W. Diamond, 1984. "Financial Intermediation and Delegated Monitoring," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 51(3), pages 393-414.
    23. Neale Mahoney & E. Glen Weyl, 2017. "Imperfect Competition in Selection Markets," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 99(4), pages 637-651, July.
    24. Jean-Charles Rochet & Jean Tirole, 2003. "Platform Competition in Two-Sided Markets," Journal of the European Economic Association, MIT Press, vol. 1(4), pages 990-1029, June.
    25. Adair Morse, 2015. "Peer-to-Peer Crowdfunding: Information and the Potential for Disruption in Consumer Lending," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 7(1), pages 463-482, December.
    26. J Begenau & T Landvoigt, 2022. "Financial Regulation in a Quantitative Model of the Modern Banking System," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 89(4), pages 1748-1784.
    27. Yanelle, Marie-Odile, 1989. "The strategic analysis of intermediation," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(2-3), pages 294-301, March.
    28. Degryse, Hans & Karapetyan, Artashes & Karmakar, Sudipto, 2019. "To ask or not to ask: collateral vs screening in lending relationships," Bank of England working papers 778, Bank of England.
    29. David de Meza & David C. Webb, 1987. "Too Much Investment: A Problem of Asymmetric Information," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 102(2), pages 281-292.
    30. John H. Boyd & Gianni De Nicoló, 2005. "The Theory of Bank Risk Taking and Competition Revisited," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 60(3), pages 1329-1343, June.
    31. Boot, Arnoud W A & Thakor, Anjan V, 1997. "Banking Scope and Financial Innovation," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 10(4), pages 1099-1131.
    32. Hagiu, Andrei & Hałaburda, Hanna, 2014. "Information and two-sided platform profits," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 25-35.
    33. Hanna Halaburda & Yaron Yehezkel, 2013. "Platform Competition under Asymmetric Information," American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 5(3), pages 22-68, August.
    34. Stiglitz, Joseph E & Weiss, Andrew, 1981. "Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 71(3), pages 393-410, June.
    35. Allen N. Berger & Klaus Schaeck, 2011. "Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Bank Relationship Strength, and the Use of Venture Capital," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 43, pages 461-490, March.
    36. Frederique Bracoud, 2007. "Double Bertrand competition among intermediaries when consumers can default," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 4(7), pages 1-16.
    37. Boot, Arnoud & Hoffmann, Peter & Laeven, Luc & Ratnovski, Lev, 2021. "Fintech: what’s old, what’s new?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    38. Andrew Hertzberg & Andres Liberman & Daniel Paravisini, 2018. "Screening on Loan Terms: Evidence from Maturity Choice in Consumer Credit," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 31(9), pages 3532-3567.
    39. Huan Tang, 2019. "Peer-to-Peer Lenders Versus Banks: Substitutes or Complements?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 1900-1938.
    40. Julian Franks & Nicolas Serrano-Velarde & Oren Sussman, 2021. "Marketplace Lending, Information Aggregation, and Liquidity [Joint projects without commitment]," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 34(5), pages 2318-2361.
    41. Mingfeng Lin & Nagpurnanand R. Prabhala & Siva Viswanathan, 2013. "Judging Borrowers by the Company They Keep: Friendship Networks and Information Asymmetry in Online Peer-to-Peer Lending," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 59(1), pages 17-35, August.
    42. Boris Vallée & Yao Zeng, 2019. "Marketplace Lending: A New Banking Paradigm?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 1939-1982.
    43. Yongmin Chen & Michael H. Riordan, 2008. "Price‐increasing competition," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 39(4), pages 1042-1058, December.
    44. Adair Morse, 2015. "Peer-to-Peer Crowdfunding: Information and the Potential for Disruption in Consumer Lending," NBER Working Papers 20899, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    45. Allen N. Berger & Klaus Schaeck, 2011. "Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises, Bank Relationship Strength, and the Use of Venture Capital," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 43(2‐3), pages 461-490, March.
    46. Jefferson Duarte & Stephan Siegel & Lance Young, 2012. "Trust and Credit: The Role of Appearance in Peer-to-peer Lending," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 25(8), pages 2455-2484.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Verdier, Marianne, 2024. "Digital payments and bank competition," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tetyana Balyuk, 2023. "FinTech Lending and Bank Credit Access for Consumers," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(1), pages 555-575, January.
    2. Thakor, Anjan V., 2020. "Fintech and banking: What do we know?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    3. Bollaert, Helen & Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio & Schwienbacher, Armin, 2021. "Fintech and access to finance," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    4. Ping-Lun Tseng & Wen-Chung Guo, 2022. "Fintech, Credit Market Competition, and Bank Asset Quality," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 61(3), pages 285-318, June.
    5. Nicola Branzoli & Ilaria Supino, 2020. "FinTech credit: a critical review of empirical research," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 549, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    6. Peng, Hongfeng & Ji, Jiao & Sun, Hanwen & Xu, Haofeng, 2023. "Legal enforcement and fintech credit: International evidence," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 214-231.
    7. Olena Havrylchyk, 2018. "Regulatory framework for the loan-based crowdfunding platforms," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1513, OECD Publishing.
    8. Braggion, Fabio & Manconi, Alberto & Pavanini, Nicola & Zhu, Haikun, 2022. "The Value of Financial Intermediation: Evidence from Online Debt Crowdfunding," CEPR Discussion Papers 14740, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    9. José María Liberti & Mitchell A. Petersen, 2018. "Information: Hard and Soft," NBER Working Papers 25075, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    10. Tobias Berg & Andreas Fuster & Manju Puri, 2022. "FinTech Lending," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 14(1), pages 187-207, November.
    11. Correia, Filipe & Martins, António & Waikel, Anthony, 2022. "Online financing without FinTech: Evidence from online informal loans," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    12. Eccles, Peter & Grout, Paul & Siciliani, Paolo & Zalewska, Anna, 2021. "The impact of machine learning and big data on credit markets," Bank of England working papers 930, Bank of England.
    13. Serena Gallo, 2021. "Fintech platforms: Lax or careful borrowers’ screening?," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-33, December.
    14. Chen, Xiao & Huang, Bihong & Shaban, Mohamed, 2022. "Naïve or sophisticated? Information disclosure and investment decisions in peer to peer lending," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    15. Vives, Xavier & Ye, Zhiqiang, 2025. "Information technology and lender competition," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    16. José María Liberti & Mitchell A Petersen, 2019. "Information: Hard and Soft," The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 8(1), pages 1-41.
    17. Berger, Allen N. & Boot, Arnoud W.A., 2024. "Financial intermediation services and competition analyses: Review and paths forward for improvement," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    18. Kräussl, Roman & Kräussl, Zsofia & Pollet, Joshua & Rinne, Kalle, 2024. "The performance of marketplace lenders," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    19. de Roure, Calebe & Pelizzon, Loriana & Tasca, Paolo, 2016. "How does P2P lending fit into the consumer credit market?," Discussion Papers 30/2016, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    20. Jiang, Jinglin & Liao, Li & Wang, Zhengwei & Zhang, Xiaoyan, 2021. "Government Affiliation and Peer-To-Peer Lending Platforms in China," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 87-106.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Bank; Lending platform; Credit market; Credit rationing;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L1 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
    • L5 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy
    • G2 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:indorg:v:91:y:2023:i:c:s016771872300098x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505551 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.