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The socioeconomic determinants of legal and illegal smallholder logging: Evidence from the Ecuadorian Amazon

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  • Vasco, Cristian
  • Torres, Bolier
  • Pacheco, Pablo
  • Griess, Verena

Abstract

Using data from a household survey covering colonists and indigenous communities in the Ecuadorian Amazon, this paper analyzes the socioeconomic determinants of legal and illegal smallholder timber harvesting. The results of a multinomial probit model reveal that non-harvesting households are statistically likely to be poor, to receive nonfarm income, to have smaller areas in primary forest and to reside nearer population centers. Illegal logging is more likely to be carried out by poor households that do not have nonfarm income, have larger areas in forest and reside farther away from urban areas. Legal loggers, in contrast, are likely to come from wealthier households that have legal property rights to the land they possess or control but do not take part in nonfarm employment. Ethnicity has no effect on the likelihood of harvesting timber (either legally or illegally) and has only a marginally significant effect on non-harvesting households. The implications of these findings for policy are explored in the conclusions.

Suggested Citation

  • Vasco, Cristian & Torres, Bolier & Pacheco, Pablo & Griess, Verena, 2017. "The socioeconomic determinants of legal and illegal smallholder logging: Evidence from the Ecuadorian Amazon," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 133-140.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:forpol:v:78:y:2017:i:c:p:133-140
    DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2017.01.015
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    Cited by:

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    2. Mohebalian, Phillip M. & Aguilar, Francisco X., 2018. "Design of tropical forest conservation contracts considering risk of deforestation," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 451-462.
    3. Alarcón-Aguirre, Jaime S. & Aguirre-Mejía, Patricia M. & Palacios-Hinestroza, Hasbleidy & Sulbarán-Rangel, Belkis, 2020. "Evaluation of the forestry administrative system that regulates the activity of extracting wood from the Northern Ecuadorian amazon," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    4. Sarker, Pradip Kumar & Fischer, Richard & Tamayo, Fabian & Navarrete, Bolier Torres & Günter, Sven, 2022. "Analyzing forest policy mixes based on the coherence of policies and the consistency of legislative policy instruments: A case study from Ecuador," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    5. Gordillo, Fernando & Elsasser, Peter & Günter, Sven, 2019. "Willingness to pay for forest conservation in Ecuador: Results from a nationwide contingent valuation survey in a combined “referendum” – “Consequential open-ended” design," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 28-39.
    6. Vasco, Cristian & Torres, Bolier & Jácome, Estefanía & Torres, Alexandra & Eche, David & Velasco, Christian, 2021. "Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in frontier areas: A case study in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    7. Perz, Stephen G. & Mendoza, Elsa R.H. & dos Santos Pimentel, Alan, 2022. "Seeing the broader picture: Stakeholder contributions to understanding infrastructure impacts of the Interoceanic Highway in the southwestern Amazon," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    8. Bolier Torres & Cristian Vasco & Sven Günter & Thomas Knoke, 2018. "Determinants of Agricultural Diversification in a Hotspot Area: Evidence from Colonist and Indigenous Communities in the Sumaco Biosphere Reserve, Ecuadorian Amazon," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-21, May.

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