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National wood fiber balances for the pulp and paper sector: An approach to supplement international forest products statistics

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  • Jochem, Dominik
  • Bösch, Matthias
  • Weimar, Holger
  • Dieter, Matthias

Abstract

In recent years, several studies have found indications for data gaps and errors in the forestry production and trade section of the widely used FAOSTAT database. This manuscript focusses on inconsistencies in data on recovered pulp production, which have not yet been investigated in much detail. We develop national wood fiber balances for the pulp and paper sector for eleven countries. Our balances compare the wood fiber input (i.e. virgin and recovered pulp) in the paper and paperboard sector with the output (i.e. paper products) of this sector. By doing so, we are able to identify data gaps and errors and to determine the recovered pulp production as a residual volume in each country. For instance, we calculate a recovered pulp production of about 8.9 million tons for India in 2018. According to FAOSTAT, this production amounted to only 1.2 million tons. This is obviously too low considering that in the same year an apparent consumption of recovered paper of more than 10.1 million tons was reported. Moreover, we calculate ratios between virgin and recycled fibers in the paper production of the investigated countries. Our analysis provides a basis for better understanding of material flows in the pulp and paper sector and for supplements of international statistics.

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  • Jochem, Dominik & Bösch, Matthias & Weimar, Holger & Dieter, Matthias, 2021. "National wood fiber balances for the pulp and paper sector: An approach to supplement international forest products statistics," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:forpol:v:131:y:2021:i:c:s1389934121001465
    DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102540
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bösch, Matthias & Elsasser, Peter & Rock, Joachim & Rüter, Sebastian & Weimar, Holger & Dieter, Matthias, 2017. "Costs and carbon sequestration potential of alternative forest management measures in Germany," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 88-97.
    2. Knauf, Marcus, 2016. "The wood market balance as a tool for calculating wood use's climate change mitigation effect — An example for Germany," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 18-21.
    3. Mäkinen, L. & Ämmälä, A. & Körkkö, M. & Niinimäki, J., 2013. "The effects of recovering fibre and fine materials on sludge dewatering properties at a deinked pulp mill," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 11-16.
    4. Sun, Mingxing & Wang, Yutao & Shi, Lei & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír, 2018. "Uncovering energy use, carbon emissions and environmental burdens of pulp and paper industry: A systematic review and meta-analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 823-833.
    5. Weimar, Holger, 2018. "Holzbilanzen 2015 bis 2017 für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Neuberechnung der Zeitreihe der Gesamtholzbilanz ab 1995," Thünen Working Paper 275878, Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut (vTI), Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries.
    6. Bösch, Matthias & Jochem, Dominik & Weimar, Holger & Dieter, Matthias, 2015. "Physical input-output accounting of the wood and paper flow in Germany," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 99-109.
    7. Knauf, Marcus, 2015. "An Analysis of Wood Market Balance Modeling in Germany," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 319-326.
    8. Weimar, Holger, 2018. "Holzbilanzen 2015 bis 2017 für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Neuberechnung der Zeitreihe der Gesamtholzbilanz ab 1995," Thünen Working Papers 101, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries.
    9. T. E. Graedel & Julian Allwood & Jean‐Pierre Birat & Matthias Buchert & Christian Hagelüken & Barbara K. Reck & Scott F. Sibley & Guido Sonnemann, 2011. "What Do We Know About Metal Recycling Rates?," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 15(3), pages 355-366, June.
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    1. Lauri, Pekka & Forsell, Nicklas & Di Fulvio, Fulvio & Snäll, Tord & Havlik, Petr, 2021. "Material substitution between coniferous, non-coniferous and recycled biomass – Impacts on forest industry raw material use and regional competitiveness," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).

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