IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/finsta/v60y2022ics1572308922000316.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Deposit insurance and credit union lending

Author

Listed:
  • Nguyen, Linh H.
  • Wilson, John O.S.
  • Le, Tuan Q.
  • Luu, Hiep N.
  • Nguyen, Tram-Anh
  • Vo, Vinh X.

Abstract

We exploit an exogenous change in the coverage of insured deposits following the passage of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (2008) to investigate the impact of deposit insurance on the volume, composition and quality of credit union lending. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we find changes in the volume, composition and riskiness of credit union lending. Specifically, we find that affected credit unions increase total and unsecured lending, leading to a decline in loan quality. Overall, our results suggest that an increase in the maximum coverage of insured deposits induces credit unions to lend more at the expense of loan quality.

Suggested Citation

  • Nguyen, Linh H. & Wilson, John O.S. & Le, Tuan Q. & Luu, Hiep N. & Nguyen, Tram-Anh & Vo, Vinh X., 2022. "Deposit insurance and credit union lending," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finsta:v:60:y:2022:i:c:s1572308922000316
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jfs.2022.101003
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572308922000316
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jfs.2022.101003?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cortés, Kristle & Duchin, Ran & Sosyura, Denis, 2016. "Clouded judgment: The role of sentiment in credit origination," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(2), pages 392-413.
    2. Reint Gropp & Jukka Vesala, 2004. "Deposit Insurance, Moral Hazard and Market Monitoring," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 8(4), pages 571-602.
    3. Lambert, Claudia & Noth, Felix & Schüwer, Ulrich, 2017. "How do insured deposits affect bank risk? Evidence from the 2008 Emergency Economic Stabilization Act," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 81-102.
    4. Che Johari, Edie Erman & Chronopoulos, Dimitris K. & Scholtens, Bert & Sobiech, Anna L. & Wilson, John O.S., 2020. "Deposit insurance and bank dividend policy," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    5. Rajkamal Iyer & Manju Puri, 2012. "Understanding Bank Runs: The Importance of Depositor-Bank Relationships and Networks," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 102(4), pages 1414-1445, June.
    6. Rajkamal Iyer & Manju Puri & Nicholas Ryan, 2016. "A Tale of Two Runs: Depositor Responses to Bank Solvency Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 71(6), pages 2687-2726, December.
    7. Rajkamal Iyer & Thais Lærkholm Jensen & Niels Johannesen & Adam Sheridan, 2019. "The Distortive Effects of Too Big To Fail: Evidence from the Danish Market for Retail Deposits," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(12), pages 4653-4695.
    8. Arnold, Eva A. & Größl, Ingrid & Koziol, Philipp, 2016. "Market discipline across bank governance models: Empirical evidence from German depositors," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 126-138.
    9. Rebel Cole & Lawrence White, 2012. "Déjà Vu All Over Again: The Causes of U.S. Commercial Bank Failures This Time Around," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 42(1), pages 5-29, October.
    10. Anginer, Deniz & Demirguc-Kunt, Asli & Zhu, Min, 2014. "How does deposit insurance affect bank risk? Evidence from the recent crisis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 312-321.
    11. Demirguc-Kunt, Asli & Detragiache, Enrica, 2002. "Does deposit insurance increase banking system stability? An empirical investigation," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(7), pages 1373-1406, October.
    12. Goddard, John & McKillop, Donal & Wilson, John O.S., 2008. "The diversification and financial performance of US credit unions," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(9), pages 1836-1849, September.
    13. Leila Aghabarari & Andre Guettler & Mahvish Naeem & Bernardus Van Doornik, 2021. "Is there help indeed, if there is help in need? The case of credit unions during the global financial crisis," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 59(3), pages 1215-1233, July.
    14. John Goddard & Donal McKillop & John Wilson, 2009. "Which Credit Unions are Acquired?," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 36(2), pages 231-252, December.
    15. Charles W. Calomiris & Matthew Jaremski, 2019. "Stealing Deposits: Deposit Insurance, Risk‐Taking, and the Removal of Market Discipline in Early 20th‐Century Banks," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 74(2), pages 711-754, April.
    16. Niranjan CHIPALKATTI & K. RAMESHA & Meenakshi RISHI, 2007. "Depositor Discipline, Regulatory Control, And A Banking Crisis: A Study Of Indian Urban Cooperative Banks," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 78(4), pages 567-594, December.
    17. Douglas W. Diamond & Philip H. Dybvig, 2000. "Bank runs, deposit insurance, and liquidity," Quarterly Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, vol. 24(Win), pages 14-23.
    18. Karels, Gordon V. & McClatchey, Christine A., 1999. "Deposit insurance and risk-taking behavior in the credit union industry," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 105-134, January.
    19. Charles W. Calomiris & Berry Wilson, 2004. "Bank Capital and Portfolio Management: The 1930s "Capital Crunch" and the Scramble to Shed Risk," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 77(3), pages 421-456, July.
    20. Lim, Ivan & Nguyen, Duc Duy, 2021. "Hometown Lending," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 56(8), pages 2894-2933, December.
    21. Maechler, Andrea M. & McDill, Kathleen M., 2006. "Dynamic depositor discipline in US banks," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(7), pages 1871-1898, July.
    22. Smith, Donald J & Cargill, Thomas F & Meyer, Robert A, 1981. "An Economic Theory of a Credit Union," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 36(2), pages 519-528, May.
    23. Allen Berger & Rima Turk-Ariss, 2015. "Do Depositors Discipline Banks and Did Government Actions During the Recent Crisis Reduce this Discipline? An International Perspective," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 48(2), pages 103-126, October.
    24. Armen Hovakimian & Edward Kane & Luc Laeven, 2003. "How Country and Safety-Net Characteristics Affect Bank Risk-Shifting," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 23(3), pages 177-204, June.
    25. Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli & Kane, Edward J. & Laeven, Luc, 2008. "Determinants of deposit-insurance adoption and design," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 407-438, July.
    26. Guido W. Imbens & Jeffrey M. Wooldridge, 2009. "Recent Developments in the Econometrics of Program Evaluation," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 47(1), pages 5-86, March.
    27. Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli & Kane, Edward & Laeven, Luc, 2015. "Deposit insurance around the world: A comprehensive analysis and database," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 155-183.
    28. Rodney Ramcharan & Stéphane Verani & Skander J. Van Den Heuvel, 2016. "From Wall Street to Main Street: The Impact of the Financial Crisis on Consumer Credit Supply," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 71(3), pages 1323-1356, June.
    29. Black, Harold & Dugger, Robert H, 1981. "Credit Union Structure, Growth and Regulatory Problems," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 36(2), pages 529-538, May.
    30. Kane, Edward J. & Hendershott, Robert, 1996. "The federal deposit insurance fund that didn't put a bite on U.S. taxpayers," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(8), pages 1305-1327, September.
    31. Ioannidou, Vasso P. & Penas, María Fabiana, 2010. "Deposit insurance and bank risk-taking: Evidence from internal loan ratings," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 95-115, January.
    32. DeLong, Gayle & Saunders, Anthony, 2011. "Did the introduction of fixed-rate federal deposit insurance increase long-term bank risk-taking?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 7(1), pages 19-25, January.
    33. John Goddard & Donal Mckillop & John O. S. Wilson, 2014. "U.S. Credit Unions: Survival, Consolidation, And Growth," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 52(1), pages 304-319, January.
    34. Imai, Masami, 2006. "Market discipline and deposit insurance reform in Japan," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(12), pages 3433-3452, December.
    35. Charles W. Calomiris & Matthew Jaremski, 2016. "Deposit Insurance: Theories and Facts," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 8(1), pages 97-120, October.
    36. Newton, Ashley N., 2015. "Executive compensation, organizational performance, and governance quality in the absence of owners," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 195-222.
    37. Gomez-Biscarri, Javier & López-Espinosa, Germán & Mesa-Toro, Andrés, 2021. "The risk implications of the business loan activity in credit unions," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    38. Goddard, John A. & McKillop, Donal G. & Wilson, John O. S., 2002. "The growth of US credit unions," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(12), pages 2327-2356.
    39. Neil Esho & Paul Kofman & Ian Sharpe, 2005. "Diversification, Fee Income, and Credit Union Risk," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 27(3), pages 259-281, September.
    40. McKillop, Donal & French, Declan & Quinn, Barry & Sobiech, Anna L. & Wilson, John O.S., 2020. "Cooperative financial institutions: A review of the literature," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    41. Demirguc-Kunt, Asli & Huizinga, Harry, 2004. "Market discipline and deposit insurance," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(2), pages 375-399, March.
    42. Robert B. Avery & Neil Bhutta & Kenneth P. Brevoort & Glenn B. Canner & Christa N. Gibbs, 2010. "The 2008 HMDA data: the mortgage market during a turbulent year," Federal Reserve Bulletin, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), vol. 96(Apr), pages 169-211, April.
    43. Bauer, Keldon, 2008. "Detecting abnormal credit union performance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 573-586, April.
    44. Keiko Murata & Masahiro Hori, 2006. "Do Small Depositors Exit From Bad Banks? Evidence From Small Financial Institutions In Japan," The Japanese Economic Review, Japanese Economic Association, vol. 57(2), pages 260-278, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Javier Gómez‐Biscarri & Germán López‐Espinosa & Andrés Mesa‐Toro, 2022. "Drivers of depositor discipline in credit unions," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 93(4), pages 849-885, December.
    2. Quintero-V, Juan C., 2023. "Deposit insurance and market discipline," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    3. Delis, Manthos D. & Iosifidi, Maria & Papadopoulos, Panagiotis, 2022. "Blessing or curse? Government funding of deposit insurance and corporate lending," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    4. Delis, Manthos & Iosifidi, Maria & Papadopoulos, Panagiotis, 2020. "Blessing or curse? Government funding of deposit insurance and corporate lending," MPRA Paper 99153, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. International Association of Deposit Insurers, 2021. "Deposit Insurance Coverage Level and Scope," IADI Research Papers 21-12, International Association of Deposit Insurers.
    6. Hasan, Iftekhar & Liu, Liuling & Saunders, Anthony & Zhang, Gaiyan, 2022. "Explicit deposit insurance design: International effects on bank lending during the global financial crisis✰," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    7. Lambert, Claudia & Noth, Felix & Schüwer, Ulrich, 2017. "How do insured deposits affect bank risk? Evidence from the 2008 Emergency Economic Stabilization Act," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 81-102.
    8. Bonfim, Diana & Santos, João A.C., 2023. "The importance of deposit insurance credibility," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    9. Berger, Allen N. & Li, Xinming & Saheruddin, Herman & Zhao, Daxuan, 2024. "Government guarantees and bank liquidity creation around the world," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    10. Godspower-Akpomiemie, Euphemia & Ojah, Kalu, 2021. "Market discipline, regulation and banking effectiveness: Do measures matter?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    11. Haelim Anderson & Daniel Barth & Dong Beom Choi, 2018. "Reducing Moral Hazard at the Expense of Market Discipline: The Effectiveness of Double Liability Before and During the Great Depression," Working Papers 18-06, Office of Financial Research, US Department of the Treasury.
    12. Danisewicz, Piotr & Lee, Chun Hei & Schaeck, Klaus, 2022. "Private deposit insurance, deposit flows, bank lending, and moral hazard," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    13. Guizani, Brahim & Watanabe, Wako, 2016. "The effects of public capital infusions on banks’ risk-shifting to the deposit insurance system in Japan," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 15-30.
    14. Noman, Abu Hanifa Md. & Hassan, M. Kabir & Pervin, Sajeda & Isa, Che Ruhana & Sok-gee, Chan, 2022. "The mediating role of competition on deposit insurance and the risk-taking of banks in ASEAN countries," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    15. Charles W. Calomiris & Matthew Jaremski, 2016. "Deposit Insurance: Theories and Facts," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 8(1), pages 97-120, October.
    16. Gomez-Biscarri, Javier & López-Espinosa, Germán & Mesa-Toro, Andrés, 2021. "The risk implications of the business loan activity in credit unions," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    17. Chen, Wang & Zhang, Zhiwen & Hamori, Shigeyuki & Kinkyo, Takuji, 2021. "Not all bank systemic risks are alike: Deposit insurance and bank risk revisited," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    18. Giang Phung & Michael Troege, 2024. "Making depositors greedy and careless: Government safety nets and the degradation of depositor discipline," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(3), pages 921-947, July.
    19. Alexei Karas & William Pyle & Koen Schoors, 2021. "Deposit Insurance, Moral Hazard and Bank Risk," CESifo Working Paper Series 8867, CESifo.
    20. Brahim Guizani & Wako Watanabe, 2010. "The Deposit Insurance and the Risk-Shifting Incentive Evidence from the Blanket Deposit Insurance in Japan," Keio/Kyoto Joint Global COE Discussion Paper Series 2010-004, Keio/Kyoto Joint Global COE Program.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Deposit insurance; Lending; Loan quality; Credit unions; Emergency Economic Stabilization Act;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:finsta:v:60:y:2022:i:c:s1572308922000316. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jfstabil .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.