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Sentiment spin: Attacking financial sentiment with GPT-3

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  • Leippold, Markus

Abstract

In this study, we explore the susceptibility of financial sentiment analysis to adversarial attacks that manipulate financial texts. With the rise of AI readership in the financial sector, companies are adapting their language and disclosures to fit AI processing better, leading to concerns about the potential for manipulation. In the finance literature, keyword-based methods, such as dictionaries, are still widely used for financial sentiment analysis due to their perceived transparency. However, our research demonstrates the vulnerability of keyword-based approaches by successfully generating adversarial attacks using the sophisticated transformer model, GPT-3. With a success rate of nearly 99% for negative sentences in the Financial Phrase Bank, a widely used database for financial sentiment analysis, we highlight the importance of incorporating robust methods, such as context-aware approaches such as BERT, in financial sentiment analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Leippold, Markus, 2023. "Sentiment spin: Attacking financial sentiment with GPT-3," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PB).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:55:y:2023:i:pb:s154461232300329x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2023.103957
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pekka Malo & Ankur Sinha & Pekka Korhonen & Jyrki Wallenius & Pyry Takala, 2014. "Good debt or bad debt: Detecting semantic orientations in economic texts," Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology, Association for Information Science & Technology, vol. 65(4), pages 782-796, April.
    2. Saeid Vaghefi & Qian Wang & Veruska Muccione & Jingwei Ni & Mathias Kraus & Julia Bingler & Tobias Schimanski & Chiara Colesanti Senni & Nicolas Webersinke & Christian Huggel & Markus Leippold, 2023. "ChatClimate: Grounding Conversational AI in Climate Science," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series 23-88, Swiss Finance Institute.
    3. Tim Loughran & Bill Mcdonald, 2011. "When Is a Liability Not a Liability? Textual Analysis, Dictionaries, and 10‐Ks," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 66(1), pages 35-65, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Li Xian Liu & Zhiyue Sun & Kunpeng Xu & Chao Chen, 2024. "AI-Driven Financial Analysis: Exploring ChatGPT’s Capabilities and Challenges," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-35, June.
    2. Bingler, Julia Anna & Kraus, Mathias & Leippold, Markus & Webersinke, Nicolas, 2024. "How cheap talk in climate disclosures relates to climate initiatives, corporate emissions, and reputation risk," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    3. Yuqi Nie & Yaxuan Kong & Xiaowen Dong & John M. Mulvey & H. Vincent Poor & Qingsong Wen & Stefan Zohren, 2024. "A Survey of Large Language Models for Financial Applications: Progress, Prospects and Challenges," Papers 2406.11903, arXiv.org.
    4. Rick Steinert & Saskia Altmann, 2023. "Linking microblogging sentiments to stock price movement: An application of GPT-4," Papers 2308.16771, arXiv.org.
    5. Smales, Lee A., 2023. "Classification of RBA monetary policy announcements using ChatGPT," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PC).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    sentiment analysis in financial markets; Keyword-based approach; FinBERT; GPT-3;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G2 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services
    • G38 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • C8 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs
    • M48 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Accounting - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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