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Upside-Downside Multifractality and Efficiency of Green Bonds: The Roles of Global Factors and COVID-19

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  • Mensi, Walid
  • Vo, Xuan Vinh
  • Kang, Sang Hoon

Abstract

This paper investigates the upward and downward multifractality and time-varying efficiency of green bonds (GBs) using the asymmetric MF-DFA method and Hurst exponents. The results reveal significant asymmetrical multifractality for all GB markets, which increased as the scale increased. Moreover, GB markets are inefficient and vary across market trends and scales. The MSCI Global, Green Building, Industrial, Utility, and Baa GB markets are more inefficient under upward trends whereas the remaining GB markets are more inefficient under downward trends. Citi Macro Risk, both US and Eurozone financial conditions, treasury bills, and COVID-19 are the drivers of GB dynamic inefficiency.

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  • Mensi, Walid & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2021. "Upside-Downside Multifractality and Efficiency of Green Bonds: The Roles of Global Factors and COVID-19," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:43:y:2021:i:c:s1544612321000763
    DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2021.101995
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    3. Villena, Marcelo J. & Araneda, Axel A., 2024. "On sectoral market efficiency," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    4. Tong, Yuan & Wan, Ning & Dai, Xingyu & Bi, Xiaoyi & Wang, Qunwei, 2022. "China's energy stock market jumps: To what extent does the COVID-19 pandemic play a part?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    5. Fernandes, Leonardo H.S. & Silva, José W.L. & de Araujo, Fernando H.A. & Tabak, Benjamin M., 2023. "Multifractal cross-correlations between green bonds and financial assets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    6. Pham, Linh & Nguyen, Canh Phuc, 2021. "Asymmetric tail dependence between green bonds and other asset classes," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    7. Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Karim, Sitara & Farid, Saqib & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar, 2022. "Comparing the asymmetric efficiency of dirty and clean energy markets pre and during COVID-19," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 548-562.
    8. Doğan, Buhari & Trabelsi, Nader & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Ghosh, Sudeshna, 2023. "Dynamic dependence and causality between crude oil, green bonds, commodities, geopolitical risks, and policy uncertainty," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 36-62.
    9. Alomari, Mohammed & Selmi, Refk & Mensi, Walid & Ko, Hee-Un & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2024. "Dynamic spillovers in higher moments and jumps across ETFs and economic and financial uncertainty factors in the context of successive shocks," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 210-228.
    10. Zhuang, Xiaoyang & Wei, Dan, 2022. "Asymmetric multifractality, comparative efficiency analysis of green finance markets: A dynamic study by index-based model," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 604(C).
    11. Zeyi Fu & Hongli Niu & Weiqing Wang, 2023. "Market Efficiency and Cross-Correlations of Chinese New Energy Market with Other Assets: Evidence from Multifractality Analysis," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 62(3), pages 1287-1311, October.
    12. Wang, Yu & Cheung, Adrian (Wai Kong) & Yan, Wanlin & Wang, Bin, 2024. "Green bond and green stock in China: The role of economic and climate policy uncertainty," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    13. Khurshid, Adnan & Khan, Khalid & Cifuentes-Faura, Javier & Chen, Yufeng, 2024. "Asymmetric multifractality: Comparative efficiency analysis of global technological and renewable energy prices using MFDFA and A-MFDFA approaches," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    14. Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Farid, Saqib & Yousaf, Imran & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2023. "Asymmetric efficiency in petroleum markets before and during COVID-19," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PA).

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