IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/finana/v59y2018icp77-93.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Contingent convertible bonds with the default risk premium

Author

Listed:
  • Jang, Hyun Jin
  • Na, Young Hoon
  • Zheng, Harry

Abstract

Contingent convertible bonds (CoCos) are hybrid instruments characterized by both debt and equity. CoCos are automatically converted into equity or written down when a predefined trigger event occurs. The present study quantifies the issuing bank's default risk that only manifests in the post-conversion period for pricing CoCos depending on a loss-absorbing method. This work aims to reflect the distinct features of equity-conversion CoCos - in contrast to a write-down CoCos - in a valuation framework. Accordingly, we propose a model to compute the ratio of common equity Tier 1 (CET1), which is composed of core capital and risky assets, by employing a geometric Brownian motion and a random variable. Then, we formulate the post-conversion risk premium by measuring the probability with which the bank's CET1 ratio breaches a regulatory default threshold after conversion. Finally, we empirically examine a positive value of the post-conversion risk premium embedded in the market prices of equity-conversion CoCos.

Suggested Citation

  • Jang, Hyun Jin & Na, Young Hoon & Zheng, Harry, 2018. "Contingent convertible bonds with the default risk premium," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 77-93.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finana:v:59:y:2018:i:c:p:77-93
    DOI: 10.1016/j.irfa.2018.07.003
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1057521918303016
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.irfa.2018.07.003?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nan Chen & Paul Glasserman & Behzad Nouri & Markus Pelger, 2017. "Contingent Capital, Tail Risk, and Debt-Induced Collapse," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 30(11), pages 3921-3969.
    2. Leland, Hayne E, 1994. "Corporate Debt Value, Bond Covenants, and Optimal Capital Structure," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 49(4), pages 1213-1252, September.
    3. Yang, Zhaojun & Zhao, Zhiming, 2015. "Valuation and analysis of contingent convertible securities with jump risk," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 124-135.
    4. Hilscher, Jens & Raviv, Alon, 2014. "Bank stability and market discipline: The effect of contingent capital on risk taking and default probability," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 542-560.
    5. Martynova, Natalya & Perotti, Enrico, 2018. "Convertible bonds and bank risk-taking," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 35(PB), pages 61-80.
    6. Tsz-Kin Chung & Yue-Kuen Kwok, 2016. "Enhanced equity-credit modelling for contingent convertibles," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(10), pages 1511-1527, October.
    7. McDonald, Robert L., 2013. "Contingent capital with a dual price trigger," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 9(2), pages 230-241.
    8. Suresh Sundaresan & Zhenyu Wang, 2015. "On the Design of Contingent Capital with a Market Trigger," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 70(2), pages 881-920, April.
    9. Corcuera, José Manuel & De Spiegeleer, Jan & Fajardo, José & Jönsson, Henrik & Schoutens, Wim & Valdivia, Arturo, 2014. "Close form pricing formulas for Coupon Cancellable CoCos," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 339-351.
    10. Jan De Spiegeleer & Stephan Höcht & Ine Marquet & Wim Schoutens, 2017. "CoCo bonds and implied CET1 volatility," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(6), pages 813-824, June.
    11. Paul Glasserman & Behzad Nouri, 2012. "Contingent Capital with a Capital-Ratio Trigger," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 58(10), pages 1816-1833, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Philippe Oster, 2020. "Contingent Convertible bond literature review: making everything and nothing possible?," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(4), pages 343-381, December.
    2. Michael Sigmund & Kevin Zimmermann, 2021. "Determinants of Contingent Convertible Bond Coupon Rates of Banks: An Empirical Analysis (Michael Sigmund, Kevin Zimmermann)," Working Papers 236, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank).
    3. Javadi, Siamak & Li, Weiping & Nejadmalayeri, Ali, 2023. "Contingent capital conversion under dual asset and equity jump–diffusions," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    4. Piotr Jaworski & Kamil Liberadzki & Marcin Liberadzki, 2021. "On Write-Down/ Write-Up Loss Absorbing Instruments," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(1), pages 1204-1219.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Philippe Oster, 2020. "Contingent Convertible bond literature review: making everything and nothing possible?," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(4), pages 343-381, December.
    2. Caporale, Guglielmo Maria & Kang, Woo-Young, 2021. "On the preferences of CoCo bond buyers and sellers," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    3. Delphine Boursicot & Geneviève Gauthier & Farhad Pourkalbassi, 2019. "Contingent Convertible Debt: The Impact on Equity Holders," Risks, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-35, April.
    4. Michael Sigmund & Kevin Zimmermann, 2021. "Determinants of Contingent Convertible Bond Coupon Rates of Banks: An Empirical Analysis (Michael Sigmund, Kevin Zimmermann)," Working Papers 236, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank).
    5. Goncharenko, Roman & Ongena, Steven & Rauf, Asad, 2021. "The agency of CoCos: Why contingent convertible bonds are not for everyone," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    6. Yang, Zhaojun & Zhao, Zhiming, 2015. "Valuation and analysis of contingent convertible securities with jump risk," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 124-135.
    7. Yanping Cai & Zhaojun Yang & Zhiming Zhao, 2019. "Contingent capital with repeated interconversion between debt‐ and equity‐like instruments," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 25(2), pages 358-379, March.
    8. Fatouh, Mahmoud & McMunn, Ayowande, 2019. "Shareholder risk-taking incentives in the presence of contingent capital," Bank of England working papers 775, Bank of England.
    9. Giovanni Calice & Carlo Sala & Daniele Tantari, 2020. "Contingent Convertible Bonds in Financial Networks," Papers 2009.00062, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2023.
    10. Avdjiev, Stefan & Bogdanova, Bilyana & Bolton, Patrick & Jiang, Wei & Kartasheva, Anastasia, 2020. "CoCo issuance and bank fragility," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(3), pages 593-613.
    11. Martynova, Natalya & Perotti, Enrico, 2018. "Convertible bonds and bank risk-taking," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 35(PB), pages 61-80.
    12. Javadi, Siamak & Li, Weiping & Nejadmalayeri, Ali, 2023. "Contingent capital conversion under dual asset and equity jump–diffusions," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    13. Xiaolin Wang & Zhaojun Yang & Pingping Zeng, 2023. "Pricing contingent convertibles with idiosyncratic risk," International Journal of Economic Theory, The International Society for Economic Theory, vol. 19(3), pages 660-693, September.
    14. Koziol, Christian & Roßmann, Philipp, 2022. "Contingent convertible bonds: Optimal call strategy and the impact of refinancing," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    15. Ming, Lei & Yang, Shenggang & Song, Dandan, 2018. "Valuation and analysis of performance sensitive debt with contingent convertibility," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 98-108.
    16. Roman Goncharenko, 2022. "Fighting Fire with Gasoline: CoCos in Lieu of Equity," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 54(2-3), pages 493-517, March.
    17. Lionel Melin & Ahyan Panjwani, 2024. "Optimal Design of Contingent Capital," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2024-051, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    18. Heller, Yuval & Peleg Lazar, Sharon & Raviv, Alon, 2022. "Banks’ risk taking and creditors’ bargaining power," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    19. Gupta, Aparna & Wang, Runzu & Lu, Yueliang, 2021. "Addressing systemic risk using contingent convertible debt – A network analysis," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 290(1), pages 263-277.
    20. Gaëtan Le Quang, 2019. "Mind the Conversion Risk: a Theoretical Assessment of Contingent Convertible Bonds," EconomiX Working Papers 2019-5, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Contingent convertible bond; Capital-ratio trigger; Conversion time; Equity-conversion CoCo; Post-conversion risk premium;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
    • C67 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Input-Output Models

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:finana:v:59:y:2018:i:c:p:77-93. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/620166 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.