IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/ijethy/v19y2023i3p660-693.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Pricing contingent convertibles with idiosyncratic risk

Author

Listed:
  • Xiaolin Wang
  • Zhaojun Yang
  • Pingping Zeng

Abstract

We consider capital structure including equity, straight bonds (SBs), and contingent convertibles (CoCos) for nonfinancial firms. We price equity and CoCos by a utility‐based method. We show that benefits from issuing CoCos increase dramatically with idiosyncratic risk and risk aversion. The firm value is concave in CoCos' conversion ratio and the optimal conversion ratio increases with risk aversion and idiosyncratic risk. If risk aversion is sufficiently high, shareholders' risk‐shifting incentives disappear, and the firm issues less CoCos and equity and more SBs as idiosyncratic risk rises. The higher the idiosyncratic risk or risk aversion, the higher the leverage.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaolin Wang & Zhaojun Yang & Pingping Zeng, 2023. "Pricing contingent convertibles with idiosyncratic risk," International Journal of Economic Theory, The International Society for Economic Theory, vol. 19(3), pages 660-693, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijethy:v:19:y:2023:i:3:p:660-693
    DOI: 10.1111/ijet.12372
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijet.12372
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/ijet.12372?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hui Chen & Jianjun Miao & Neng Wang, 2010. "Entrepreneurial Finance and Nondiversifiable Risk," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(12), pages 4348-4388, December.
    2. Avdjiev, Stefan & Bogdanova, Bilyana & Bolton, Patrick & Jiang, Wei & Kartasheva, Anastasia, 2020. "CoCo issuance and bank fragility," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(3), pages 593-613.
    3. Christian-Oliver Ewald & Zhaojun Yang, 2008. "Utility based pricing and exercising of real options under geometric mean reversion and risk aversion toward idiosyncratic risk," Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research (GOR);Nederlands Genootschap voor Besliskunde (NGB), vol. 68(1), pages 97-123, August.
    4. Koziol, Christian & Lawrenz, Jochen, 2012. "Contingent convertibles. Solving or seeding the next banking crisis?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 90-104.
    5. Jensen, Michael C. & Meckling, William H., 1976. "Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 305-360, October.
    6. Barucci, Emilio & Del Viva, Luca, 2012. "Countercyclical contingent capital," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 1688-1709.
    7. Miao, Jianjun & Wang, Neng, 2007. "Investment, consumption, and hedging under incomplete markets," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(3), pages 608-642, December.
    8. Robert A. Jarrow & David Lando & Fan Yu, 2008. "Default Risk And Diversification: Theory And Empirical Implications," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Financial Derivatives Pricing Selected Works of Robert Jarrow, chapter 19, pages 455-480, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    9. Leland, Hayne E, 1994. "Corporate Debt Value, Bond Covenants, and Optimal Capital Structure," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 49(4), pages 1213-1252, September.
    10. Cerasi, Vittoria & Daltung, Sonja, 2000. "The optimal size of a bank: Costs and benefits of diversification," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 44(9), pages 1701-1726, October.
    11. Jinqiang Yang & Zhaojun Yang, 2012. "Consumption Utility-Based Pricing and Timing of the Option to Invest with Partial Information," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 39(2), pages 195-217, February.
    12. Yang, Bo & Gan, Liu, 2021. "Contingent capital, Tobin’s q and corporate capital structure," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    13. McDonald, Robert L., 2013. "Contingent capital with a dual price trigger," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 9(2), pages 230-241.
    14. Emilio Barucci & Luca Del Viva, 2013. "Dynamic capital structure and the contingent capital option," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 9(3), pages 337-364, August.
    15. Yang, Zhaojun & Zhao, Zhiming, 2015. "Valuation and analysis of contingent convertible securities with jump risk," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 124-135.
    16. Merton, Robert C., 1971. "Optimum consumption and portfolio rules in a continuous-time model," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 373-413, December.
    17. Dandan Song & Zhaojun Yang, 2016. "Contingent Capital, Real Options, and Agency Costs," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 16(1), pages 3-40, March.
    18. P. Collin-Dufresne & R. Goldstein & J. Hugonnier, 2004. "A General Formula for Valuing Defaultable Securities," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 72(5), pages 1377-1407, September.
    19. Suresh Sundaresan & Zhenyu Wang, 2015. "On the Design of Contingent Capital with a Market Trigger," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 70(2), pages 881-920, April.
    20. Yanping Cai & Zhaojun Yang & Zhiming Zhao, 2019. "Contingent capital with repeated interconversion between debt‐ and equity‐like instruments," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 25(2), pages 358-379, March.
    21. Thomas Walther & Tony Klein, 2015. "Contingent convertible bonds and their impact on risk-taking of managers," Cuadernos de Economía - Spanish Journal of Economics and Finance, Asociación Cuadernos de Economía, vol. 38(106), pages 54-64, Abril.
    22. Zhaojun Yang & Chunhong Zhang, 2015. "The Pricing of Two Newly Invented Swaps in a Jump-Diffusion Model," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 16(2), pages 371-392, November.
    23. Paul Glasserman & Behzad Nouri, 2012. "Contingent Capital with a Capital-Ratio Trigger," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 58(10), pages 1816-1833, October.
    24. Tim Leung & Ronnie Sircar & Thaleia Zariphopoulou, 2008. "Credit derivatives and risk aversion," Advances in Econometrics, in: Econometrics and Risk Management, pages 275-291, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
    25. Henderson, Vicky & Hobson, David G., 2002. "Real options with constant relative risk aversion," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 329-355, December.
    26. Tan, Yingxian & Yang, Zhaojun, 2016. "Contingent capital, capital structure and investment," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 56-73.
    27. Song, Dandan & Wang, Huamao & Yang, Zhaojun, 2014. "Learning, pricing, timing and hedging of the option to invest for perpetual cash flows with idiosyncratic risk," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1-11.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yanping Cai & Zhaojun Yang & Zhiming Zhao, 2019. "Contingent capital with repeated interconversion between debt‐ and equity‐like instruments," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 25(2), pages 358-379, March.
    2. Philippe Oster, 2020. "Contingent Convertible bond literature review: making everything and nothing possible?," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(4), pages 343-381, December.
    3. Ming, Lei & Yang, Shenggang & Song, Dandan, 2018. "Valuation and analysis of performance sensitive debt with contingent convertibility," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 98-108.
    4. Dandan Song & Zhaojun Yang, 2016. "Contingent Capital, Real Options, and Agency Costs," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 16(1), pages 3-40, March.
    5. Caporale, Guglielmo Maria & Kang, Woo-Young, 2021. "On the preferences of CoCo bond buyers and sellers," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    6. Tan, Yingxian & Yang, Zhaojun, 2017. "Growth option, contingent capital and agency conflicts," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 354-369.
    7. Fatouh, Mahmoud & McMunn, Ayowande, 2019. "Shareholder risk-taking incentives in the presence of contingent capital," Bank of England working papers 775, Bank of England.
    8. Wang, Huamao & Yang, Zhaojun & Zhang, Hai, 2015. "Entrepreneurial finance with equity-for-guarantee swap and idiosyncratic risk," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 241(3), pages 863-871.
    9. Attaoui, Sami & Poncet, Patrice, 2015. "Write-Down Bonds and Capital and Debt Structures," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 97-119.
    10. Luo, Pengfei & Yang, Zhaojun, 2017. "Real options and contingent convertibles with regime switching," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 122-135.
    11. Koziol, Christian & Roßmann, Philipp, 2022. "Contingent convertible bonds: Optimal call strategy and the impact of refinancing," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    12. Yang, Zhaojun & Zhao, Zhiming, 2015. "Valuation and analysis of contingent convertible securities with jump risk," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 124-135.
    13. Roman Goncharenko, 2022. "Fighting Fire with Gasoline: CoCos in Lieu of Equity," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 54(2-3), pages 493-517, March.
    14. Song, Dandan & Wang, Huamao & Yang, Zhaojun, 2014. "Learning, pricing, timing and hedging of the option to invest for perpetual cash flows with idiosyncratic risk," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1-11.
    15. Yang, Zhaojun & Zhang, Chunhong, 2015. "Two new equity default swaps with idiosyncratic risk," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 254-273.
    16. Lionel Melin & Ahyan Panjwani, 2024. "Optimal Design of Contingent Capital," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2024-051, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    17. Tan, Yingxian & Yang, Zhaojun, 2016. "Contingent capital, capital structure and investment," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 56-73.
    18. Gaëtan Le Quang, 2019. "Mind the Conversion Risk: a Theoretical Assessment of Contingent Convertible Bonds," EconomiX Working Papers 2019-5, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
    19. Martynova, Natalya & Perotti, Enrico, 2018. "Convertible bonds and bank risk-taking," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 35(PB), pages 61-80.
    20. Zhaojun Yang, 2020. "Investment and asset securitization with an option‐for‐guarantee swap," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 26(4), pages 1006-1030, September.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:ijethy:v:19:y:2023:i:3:p:660-693. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1742-7355 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.