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Women Underrepresentation in R&I: A Sector Program Assessment of the Contribution of Gender Equality Policies in Research and Innovation

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  • Striebing, Clemens
  • Kalpazidou Schmidt, Evanthia
  • Palmén, Rachel
  • Holzinger, Florian
  • Nagy, Beata

Abstract

Despite decades of efforts to achieve gender equality in research and innovation (R&I), all EU member states still face remarkable difficulties in driving forward the development of their innovation system while at the same time improving gender equality by using all the available research potential. In this paper we focus on the development of the share of women researchers in four national innovation systems, i.e. in Austria, Denmark, Hungary and Spain in the time period 2005-2015. The four selected cases represent countries with significant differences in their innovation capacity, gender regimes and progress of gender equality in R&I. A qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is carried out to conduct a sector program evaluation based on statistical data and qualitative studies to understand the dynamic development of the proportion of women researchers. The study aims to provide insights into the aggregated gender equality interventions and policies implemented in the four countries studied and their contributions to the development of the proportion of women scientists at the structural level. The analysis reveals that the development of the share of women researchers during the studied period has been particularly influenced by contextual factors, namely the relative size of the business enterprise sector and the share of women among holders of tertiary education. While this is the case, it is found that gender equality interventions need to be more widespread and more effectively designed to be a strong contributing factor to an increasing representation of women in R&I.

Suggested Citation

  • Striebing, Clemens & Kalpazidou Schmidt, Evanthia & Palmén, Rachel & Holzinger, Florian & Nagy, Beata, 2020. "Women Underrepresentation in R&I: A Sector Program Assessment of the Contribution of Gender Equality Policies in Research and Innovation," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:epplan:v:79:y:2020:i:c:s0149718919300473
    DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2019.101749
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Striebing, Clemens & Kalpazidou Schmidt, Evanthia & Palmén, Rachel, 2019. "Pragmatic ex-ante evaluation using an innovative conceptual framework: The case of a high-tech entrepreneurship program for women," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    2. Ana Fernández-Zubieta & Thomas Zacharewicz, 2016. "RIO Country Report 2015: Spain," JRC Research Reports JRC101188, Joint Research Centre.
    3. Nicky Le Feuvre, 2010. "Feminising Professions in Britain and France: How Countries Differ," Chapters, in: Jacqueline Scott & Rosemary Crompton & Clare Lyonette (ed.), Gender Inequalities in the 21st Century, chapter 6, Edward Elgar Publishing.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jackson, Emerson Abraham, 2020. "Economics of Technology Innovation for Sustainable Growth – With reference to Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)," MPRA Paper 101787, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 27 May 2020.
    2. Natalia Restrepo & Alfonso Unceta & Xabier Barandiaran, 2021. "Gender Diversity in Research and Innovation Projects: The Proportion of Women in the Context of Higher Education," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-21, May.

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