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Hindsight is 20/20: Reflections on the evolution of concept mapping

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  • Trochim, William M.

Abstract

This paper considers the origins and development of the concept mapping methodology, a summary of its growth, and its influence in a variety of fields. From initial discussions with graduate students, through the rise of the theory-driven approach to program evaluation and the development of a theoretical framework for conceptualization methodology, the paper highlights some of the key early efforts and pilot projects that culminated in a 1989 special issue on the method in Evaluation and Program Planning that brought the method to the attention of the field of evaluation. The paper details the thinking that led to the standard version of the method (the analytic sequence, “bridging” index, and pattern matching) and the development of the software for accomplishing it. A bibliometric analysis shows that the rate of citation continues to increase, where it has grown geographically and institutionally, that the method has been used in a wide variety of disciplines and specialties, and that the literature had an influence on the field. The article concludes with a critical appraisal of some of the key aspects of the approach that warrant further development.

Suggested Citation

  • Trochim, William M., 2017. "Hindsight is 20/20: Reflections on the evolution of concept mapping," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 176-185.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:epplan:v:60:y:2017:i:c:p:176-185
    DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.08.009
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Brian Everitt, 1980. "Cluster analysis," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 14(1), pages 75-100, January.
    2. Trochim, William M. K., 1989. "Outcome pattern matching and program theory," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 355-366, January.
    3. Trochim, William M. K. & Linton, Rhoda, 1986. "Conceptualization for planning and evaluation," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 9(4), pages 289-308, January.
    4. Urban, Jennifer Brown & Hargraves, Monica & Trochim, William M., 2014. "Evolutionary Evaluation: Implications for evaluators, researchers, practitioners, funders and the evidence-based program mandate," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 127-139.
    5. Trochim, William M. K., 1989. "An introduction to concept mapping for planning and evaluation," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, January.
    6. Trochim, William M. K., 1989. "Concept mapping : Soft science or hard art?," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 87-110, January.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Szijarto, Barbara & Bradley Cousins, J., 2019. "Mapping the practice of developmental evaluation: Insights from a concept mapping study," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Menconi, M.E. & Tasso, S. & Santinelli, M. & Grohmann, D., 2020. "A card game to renew urban parks: Face-to-face and online approach for the inclusive involvement of local community," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    4. McLinden, Daniel, 2017. "And then the internet happened: Thoughts on the future of concept mapping," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 293-300.
    5. Amal Chakraborty & Natasha J. Howard & Mark Daniel & Alwin Chong & Nicola Slavin & Alex Brown & Margaret Cargo, 2021. "Prioritizing Built Environmental Factors to Tackle Chronic and Infectious Diseases in Remote Northern Territory (NT) Communities of Australia: A Concept Mapping Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-17, May.

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