IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v75y2014icp379-389.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Experimental study on a hybrid energy system with small- and medium-scale applications for mild climates

Author

Listed:
  • Nizetic, S.
  • Coko, D.
  • Marasovic, I.

Abstract

This paper presents the design and performance of a hybrid energy system. The hybrid energy system consists of a standard air-conditioning unit (i.e., a split system), with an integrated boiler for heating water. The entire system is driven by a small off-grid photovoltaic plant and was tested at a geographical location with a typical Mediterranean climate in the summer. Three different working regimes were analyzed: a daytime working regime, a nighttime working regime, and an intense working regime. The boiler water consumption was also simulated to investigate its effect on the overall performance of the hybrid energy system. Experimental measurements in different work regimes indicated that the hybrid energy system achieved a COPc between 5.0 and 6.0. The mean engaged electric power of the compressor ranged between 500 and 700 W. The mean temperature of the water heated in the boiler ranged from 43.1 °C to 51.0 °C, with a maximum recorded value of 60.6 °C. The research results demonstrate that the hybrid energy system could be implemented in small- or medium-scale residential touristic facilities for countries with mild climates, where heat pump systems can be used to achieve relatively high seasonal COP (coefficient of performance) values.

Suggested Citation

  • Nizetic, S. & Coko, D. & Marasovic, I., 2014. "Experimental study on a hybrid energy system with small- and medium-scale applications for mild climates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 379-389.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:75:y:2014:i:c:p:379-389
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.07.087
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544214009207
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2014.07.087?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Eltawil, Mohamed A. & Zhao, Zhengming, 2010. "Grid-connected photovoltaic power systems: Technical and potential problems--A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 112-129, January.
    2. Ozgener, Onder & Hepbasli, Arif, 2007. "A review on the energy and exergy analysis of solar assisted heat pump systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(3), pages 482-496, April.
    3. Tyagi, V.V. & Kaushik, S.C. & Tyagi, S.K., 2012. "Advancement in solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) hybrid collector technology," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 1383-1398.
    4. Ozgener, Onder, 2010. "Use of solar assisted geothermal heat pump and small wind turbine systems for heating agricultural and residential buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 262-268.
    5. Park, Honghee & Lee, Joo Seoung & Kim, Wonuk & Kim, Yongchan, 2013. "The cooling seasonal performance factor of a hybrid ground-source heat pump with parallel and serial configurations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 877-884.
    6. Bhatnagar, Pallavee & Nema, R.K., 2013. "Maximum power point tracking control techniques: State-of-the-art in photovoltaic applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 224-241.
    7. Panaras, G. & Mathioulakis, E. & Belessiotis, V., 2014. "A method for the dynamic testing and evaluation of the performance of combined solar thermal heat pump hot water systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 124-134.
    8. Dubey, Swapnil & Sandhu, G.S. & Tiwari, G.N., 2009. "Analytical expression for electrical efficiency of PV/T hybrid air collector," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(5), pages 697-705, May.
    9. Makrides, George & Zinsser, Bastian & Norton, Matthew & Georghiou, George E. & Schubert, Markus & Werner, Jürgen H., 2010. "Potential of photovoltaic systems in countries with high solar irradiation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 754-762, February.
    10. Chow, T.T. & Chan, A.L.S. & Fong, K.F. & Lin, Z. & He, W. & Ji, J., 2009. "Annual performance of building-integrated photovoltaic/water-heating system for warm climate application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(5), pages 689-696, May.
    11. Fan, Hongming & Shao, Shuangquan & Tian, Changqing, 2014. "Performance investigation on a multi-unit heat pump for simultaneous temperature and humidity control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 883-890.
    12. Hepbasli, Arif & Kalinci, Yildiz, 2009. "A review of heat pump water heating systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1211-1229, August.
    13. Fong, K.F. & Lee, C.K. & Chow, T.T. & Lin, Z. & Chan, L.S., 2010. "Solar hybrid air-conditioning system for high temperature cooling in subtropical city," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(11), pages 2439-2451.
    14. Zhang, Xingxing & Zhao, Xudong & Shen, Jingchun & Xu, Jihuan & Yu, Xiaotong, 2014. "Dynamic performance of a novel solar photovoltaic/loop-heat-pipe heat pump system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 335-352.
    15. Parida, Bhubaneswari & Iniyan, S. & Goic, Ranko, 2011. "A review of solar photovoltaic technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 1625-1636, April.
    16. Chua, K.J. & Chou, S.K. & Yang, W.M., 2010. "Advances in heat pump systems: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(12), pages 3611-3624, December.
    17. Zhang, Xingxing & Zhao, Xudong & Xu, Jihuan & Yu, Xiaotong, 2013. "Characterization of a solar photovoltaic/loop-heat-pipe heat pump water heating system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 1229-1245.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jia, Jie & Lee, W.L., 2015. "Experimental study of the application of intermittently operated SEHRAC (storage-enhanced heat recovery room air-conditioner) in residential buildings in Hong Kong," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 628-637.
    2. Weinand, Jann Michael & Scheller, Fabian & McKenna, Russell, 2020. "Reviewing energy system modelling of decentralized energy autonomy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    3. Onea, Florin & Rusu, Eugen, 2016. "The expected efficiency and coastal impact of a hybrid energy farm operating in the Portuguese nearshore," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 411-423.
    4. Buhagiar, Daniel & Sant, Tonio & Micallef, Christopher & Farrugia, Robert N., 2015. "Improving the energy yield from an open loop hydraulic offshore turbine through deep sea water extraction and alternative control schemes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 344-356.
    5. An-Chi Wei & Wei-Jie Chang & Jyh-Rou Sze, 2020. "A Side-Absorption Concentrated Module with a Diffractive Optical Element as a Spectral-Beam-Splitter for a Hybrid-Collecting Solar System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, January.
    6. Jia, Jie & Lee, W.L., 2015. "Experimental investigations on using phase change material for performance improvement of storage-enhanced heat recovery room air-conditioner," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 1394-1403.
    7. Chen, Wei-Han & You, Fengqi, 2022. "Sustainable building climate control with renewable energy sources using nonlinear model predictive control," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    8. Nižetić, S. & Duić, N. & Papadopulos, A.M. & Tina, G.M. & Grubišić-Čabo, F., 2015. "Energy efficiency evaluation of a hybrid energy system for building applications in a Mediterranean climate and its feasibility aspect," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P1), pages 1171-1179.
    9. Elisa Marrasso & Carlo Roselli & Francesco Tariello, 2020. "Comparison of Two Solar PV-Driven Air Conditioning Systems with Different Tracking Modes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-24, July.
    10. Modi, Anish & Bühler, Fabian & Andreasen, Jesper Graa & Haglind, Fredrik, 2017. "A review of solar energy based heat and power generation systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 1047-1064.
    11. Franco, Alessandro & Fantozzi, Fabio, 2016. "Experimental analysis of a self consumption strategy for residential building: The integration of PV system and geothermal heat pump," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 1075-1085.
    12. Macedon Moldovan & Bogdan-Gabriel Burduhos & Ion Visa, 2021. "Yearly Electrical Energy Assessment of a Photovoltaic Platform/Geothermal Heat Pump Prosumer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-18, June.
    13. Carlos Fernández Bandera & Jose Pachano & Jaume Salom & Antonis Peppas & Germán Ramos Ruiz, 2020. "Photovoltaic Plant Optimization to Leverage Electric Self Consumption by Harnessing Building Thermal Mass," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-20, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nižetić, S. & Duić, N. & Papadopulos, A.M. & Tina, G.M. & Grubišić-Čabo, F., 2015. "Energy efficiency evaluation of a hybrid energy system for building applications in a Mediterranean climate and its feasibility aspect," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P1), pages 1171-1179.
    2. Makki, Adham & Omer, Siddig & Sabir, Hisham, 2015. "Advancements in hybrid photovoltaic systems for enhanced solar cells performance," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 658-684.
    3. Mohanraj, M. & Belyayev, Ye. & Jayaraj, S. & Kaltayev, A., 2018. "Research and developments on solar assisted compression heat pump systems – A comprehensive review (Part-B: Applications)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 124-155.
    4. Michael, Jee Joe & S, Iniyan & Goic, Ranko, 2015. "Flat plate solar photovoltaic–thermal (PV/T) systems: A reference guide," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 62-88.
    5. Buker, Mahmut Sami & Riffat, Saffa B., 2016. "Solar assisted heat pump systems for low temperature water heating applications: A systematic review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 399-413.
    6. Mohanraj, M. & Belyayev, Ye. & Jayaraj, S. & Kaltayev, A., 2018. "Research and developments on solar assisted compression heat pump systems – A comprehensive review (Part A: Modeling and modifications)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 90-123.
    7. Pang, Wei & Cui, Yanan & Zhang, Qian & Wilson, Gregory.J. & Yan, Hui, 2020. "A comparative analysis on performances of flat plate photovoltaic/thermal collectors in view of operating media, structural designs, and climate conditions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    8. Fabrizio, Enrico & Seguro, Federico & Filippi, Marco, 2014. "Integrated HVAC and DHW production systems for Zero Energy Buildings," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 515-541.
    9. Hasan, Husam Abdulrasool & Sopian, Kamaruzzaman & Fudholi, Ahmad, 2018. "Photovoltaic thermal solar water collector designed with a jet collision system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 412-424.
    10. Wang, Zhangyuan & Guo, Peng & Zhang, Haijing & Yang, Wansheng & Mei, Sheng, 2017. "Comprehensive review on the development of SAHP for domestic hot water," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 871-881.
    11. Poppi, Stefano & Sommerfeldt, Nelson & Bales, Chris & Madani, Hatef & Lundqvist, Per, 2018. "Techno-economic review of solar heat pump systems for residential heating applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 22-32.
    12. Noor Muhammad Abd Rahman & Lim Chin Haw & Ahmad Fazlizan, 2021. "A Literature Review of Naturally Ventilated Public Hospital Wards in Tropical Climate Countries for Thermal Comfort and Energy Saving Improvements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-22, January.
    13. Cuce, Erdem & Harjunowibowo, Dewanto & Cuce, Pinar Mert, 2016. "Renewable and sustainable energy saving strategies for greenhouse systems: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 34-59.
    14. Settino, Jessica & Sant, Tonio & Micallef, Christopher & Farrugia, Mario & Spiteri Staines, Cyril & Licari, John & Micallef, Alexander, 2018. "Overview of solar technologies for electricity, heating and cooling production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 892-909.
    15. Hou, Gaoyang & Taherian, Hessam & Song, Ying & Jiang, Wei & Chen, Diyi, 2022. "A systematic review on optimal analysis of horizontal heat exchangers in ground source heat pump systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    16. Buker, Mahmut Sami & Riffat, Saffa B., 2015. "Building integrated solar thermal collectors – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 327-346.
    17. Besagni, Giorgio & Croci, Lorenzo & Nesa, Riccardo & Molinaroli, Luca, 2019. "Field study of a novel solar-assisted dual-source multifunctional heat pump," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 1185-1215.
    18. Yang, Tingting & Athienitis, Andreas K., 2016. "A review of research and developments of building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 886-912.
    19. Zhang, T. & Zhang, Y.F. & Shi, Z.R. & Li, Q.F. & Cai, J.Y., 2023. "Experimental study of a photovoltaic solar-assisted heat pump/gravity-assisted heat pipe hybrid system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 147-161.
    20. Michopoulos, A. & Zachariadis, T. & Kyriakis, N., 2013. "Operation characteristics and experience of a ground source heat pump system with a vertical ground heat exchanger," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 349-357.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:75:y:2014:i:c:p:379-389. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.