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Methodology to estimate the energy flows of the European Union heating and cooling market

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  • Pardo, Nicolas
  • Vatopoulos, Kostantinos
  • Riekkola, Anna Krook
  • Perez, Alicia

Abstract

Over 40% of the total energy consumed in Europe is used for the generation of heat for either domestic or industrial purposes. Meanwhile, the demand for cooling is steadily increasing in all European Member State. In this context, it is essential to identify the heating and cooling demand in the economic sectors. The objective of this study is to propose a methodology to estimate the European heating and cooling demand by country, fuel, economical subsector and activity based on official statistics and reports from resource origin to the customer. The results show that most useful heat energy comes from the direct burn of a fuel principally natural gas. The contribution of the electricity is relatively moderate for the residential and service sectors but low for industrial sector. Most part of the cooling demand is generated by electrical cooling machines (air conditioning and chillers) which extract free environmental energy allowing compensate part of the losses from the electricity production. District heating has a moderate contribution and district cooling can be considered negligible.

Suggested Citation

  • Pardo, Nicolas & Vatopoulos, Kostantinos & Riekkola, Anna Krook & Perez, Alicia, 2013. "Methodology to estimate the energy flows of the European Union heating and cooling market," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 339-352.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:52:y:2013:i:c:p:339-352
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2013.01.062
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Werner, Sven, 2016. "European space cooling demands," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 148-156.
    2. Paoli, Leonardo & Lupton, Richard C. & Cullen, Jonathan M., 2018. "Useful energy balance for the UK: An uncertainty analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 176-188.
    3. Marina, A. & Spoelstra, S. & Zondag, H.A. & Wemmers, A.K., 2021. "An estimation of the European industrial heat pump market potential," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    4. Buhagiar, Daniel & Sant, Tonio & Micallef, Christopher & Farrugia, Robert N., 2015. "Improving the energy yield from an open loop hydraulic offshore turbine through deep sea water extraction and alternative control schemes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 344-356.
    5. Ruokamo, Enni, 2016. "Household preferences of hybrid home heating systems – A choice experiment application," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 224-237.
    6. Arpagaus, Cordin & Bless, Frédéric & Uhlmann, Michael & Schiffmann, Jürg & Bertsch, Stefan S., 2018. "High temperature heat pumps: Market overview, state of the art, research status, refrigerants, and application potentials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 985-1010.
    7. Rinne, S. & Syri, S., 2015. "The possibilities of combined heat and power production balancing large amounts of wind power in Finland," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 1034-1046.
    8. Ríos-Ocampo, J.P. & Olaya, Y. & Osorio, A. & Henao, D. & Smith, R. & Arango-Aramburo, S., 2022. "Thermal districts in Colombia: Developing a methodology to estimate the cooling potential demand," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    9. Jakubcionis, Mindaugas & Carlsson, Johan, 2018. "Estimation of European Union service sector space cooling potential," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 223-231.

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