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Waste to energy by industrially integrated supercritical water gasification – Effects of alkali salts in residual by-products from the pulp and paper industry

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  • Rönnlund, I.
  • Myréen, L.
  • Lundqvist, K.
  • Ahlbeck, J.
  • Westerlund, T.

Abstract

Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a method by which biomass can be converted into a hydrogen-rich gas product. Wet industrial waste streams, which contain both organic and inorganic material, are well suited for treatment by SCWG. In this study, the gasification of two streams of biomass resulting from the pulp and paper industry, black liquor and paper sludge, has been investigated. The purpose is to convert these to useful products, both gaseous and solids, which can be used either in the papermaking process or in external applications. Simple compounds, such as glucose, have been fully gasified in SCWG, but gasification of more complex compounds, such as biomass and waste, have not reached as high conversions. The investigated paper sludge was not easily gasified. Improving gasification results with catalysts is an option and the use of alkali salts for this purpose was studied. The relationship between alkali concentration, temperature, and gasification yields was studied with the addition of KOH, K2CO3, NaOH and black liquor to the paper sludge. Addition of black liquor to the paper sludge resulted in similarly enhancing effects as when the alkali salts were added, which made it possible to raise the dry matter content and gasification yield without expensive additives.

Suggested Citation

  • Rönnlund, I. & Myréen, L. & Lundqvist, K. & Ahlbeck, J. & Westerlund, T., 2011. "Waste to energy by industrially integrated supercritical water gasification – Effects of alkali salts in residual by-products from the pulp and paper industry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 2151-2163.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:36:y:2011:i:4:p:2151-2163
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.03.027
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    Cited by:

    1. Özdenkçi, Karhan & De Blasio, Cataldo & Sarwar, Golam & Melin, Kristian & Koskinen, Jukka & Alopaeus, Ville, 2019. "Techno-economic feasibility of supercritical water gasification of black liquor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    2. Lin, Junhao & Sun, Shichang & Cui, Chongwei & Ma, Rui & Fang, Lin & Zhang, Peixin & Quan, Zonggang & Song, Xin & Yan, Jianglong & Luo, Juan, 2019. "Hydrogen-rich bio-gas generation and optimization in relation to heavy metals immobilization during Pd-catalyzed supercritical water gasification of sludge," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    3. Kang, Shimin & Li, Xianglan & Fan, Juan & Chang, Jie, 2013. "Hydrothermal conversion of lignin: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 546-558.
    4. Bousios, Spyridon & Worrell, Ernst, 2017. "Towards a Multiple Input-Multiple Output paper mill: Opportunities for alternative raw materials and sidestream valorisation in the paper and board industry," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 218-232.
    5. Knez, Ž. & Markočič, E. & Leitgeb, M. & Primožič, M. & Knez Hrnčič, M. & Škerget, M., 2014. "Industrial applications of supercritical fluids: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 235-243.
    6. Cabeza, Pablo & Silva Queiroz, Joao Paulo & Criado, Manuel & Jiménez, Cristina & Bermejo, Maria Dolores & Mato, Fidel & Cocero, Maria Jose, 2015. "Supercritical water oxidation for energy production by hydrothermal flame as internal heat source. Experimental results and energetic study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P2), pages 1584-1594.
    7. Magdeldin, Mohamed & Järvinen, Mika, 2020. "Supercritical water gasification of Kraft black liquor: Process design, analysis, pulp mill integration and economic evaluation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    8. Cao, Changqing & Xie, Yupeng & Mao, Liuhao & Wei, Wenwen & Shi, Jinwen & Jin, Hui, 2020. "Hydrogen production from supercritical water gasification of soda black liquor with various metal oxides," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 24-32.

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