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Reducing energy-related CO2 emissions using accelerated weathering of limestone

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  • Rau, Greg H.
  • Knauss, Kevin G.
  • Langer, William H.
  • Caldeira, Ken

Abstract

The use and impacts of accelerated weathering of limestone (AWL; reaction: CO2+H2O+CaCO3→Ca2++2(HCO3−) is explored as a CO2 capture and sequestration method. It is shown that significant limestone resources are relatively close to a majority of CO2-emitting power plants along the coastal US, a favored siting location for AWL. Waste fines, representing more than 20% of current US crushed limestone production (>109tonnes/yr), could provide an inexpensive or free source of AWL carbonate. With limestone transportation then as the dominant cost variable, CO2 mitigation costs of $3-$4/tonne appear to be possible in certain locations. Perhaps 10–20% of US point–source CO2 emissions could be mitigated in this fashion. It is experimentally shown that CO2 sequestration rates of 10−6 to 10−5moles/secperm2 of limestone surface area are achievable, with reaction densities on the order of 10−2tonnes CO2 m−3day−1, highly dependent on limestone particle size, solution turbulence and flow, and CO2 concentration. Modeling shows that AWL would allow carbon storage in the ocean with significantly reduced impacts to seawater pH relative to direct CO2 disposal into the atmosphere or sea. The addition of AWL-derived alkalinity to the ocean may itself be beneficial for marine biota.

Suggested Citation

  • Rau, Greg H. & Knauss, Kevin G. & Langer, William H. & Caldeira, Ken, 2007. "Reducing energy-related CO2 emissions using accelerated weathering of limestone," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(8), pages 1471-1477.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:32:y:2007:i:8:p:1471-1477
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2006.10.011
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ulf Riebesell & Ingrid Zondervan & Björn Rost & Philippe D. Tortell & Richard E. Zeebe & François M. M. Morel, 2000. "Reduced calcification of marine plankton in response to increased atmospheric CO2," Nature, Nature, vol. 407(6802), pages 364-367, September.
    2. Ken Caldeira & Michael E. Wickett, 2003. "Anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH," Nature, Nature, vol. 425(6956), pages 365-365, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Naomi Vaughan & Timothy Lenton, 2011. "A review of climate geoengineering proposals," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 109(3), pages 745-790, December.
    2. Renforth, P. & Jenkins, B.G. & Kruger, T., 2013. "Engineering challenges of ocean liming," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 442-452.
    3. Serena Marco & Selene Varliero & Stefano Caserini & Giovanni Cappello & Guido Raos & Francesco Campo & Mario Grosso, 2023. "Techno-economic evaluation of buffered accelerated weathering of limestone as a CO2 capture and storage option," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 28(3), pages 1-16, March.
    4. Rob Swart & Natasha Marinova, 2010. "Policy options in a worst case climate change world," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 15(6), pages 531-549, August.
    5. Klepper, Gernot & Dovern, Jonas & Rickels, Wilfried & Barben, Daniel & Goeschl, Timo & Harnisch, Sebastian & Heyen, Daniel & Janich, Nina & Maas, Achim & Matzner, Nils & Scheffran, Jürgen & Uther, Ste, 2016. "Herausforderung Climate Engineering: Bewertung neuer Optionen für den Klimaschutz," Kieler Beiträge zur Wirtschaftspolitik 8, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    6. MacCracken, Mike, 2009. "Beyond mitigation : potential options for counter-balancing the climatic and environmental consequences of the rising concentrations of greenhouse gases," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4938, The World Bank.

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    Keywords

    CO2; Power plant; Mitigation; Capture; Sequestration; Storage; Limestone; Ocean;
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