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Residential building envelope heat gain and cooling energy requirements

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  • Lam, Joseph C.
  • Tsang, C.L.
  • Li, Danny H.W.
  • Cheung, S.O.

Abstract

We present the energy use situation in Hong Kong from 1979 to 2001. The primary energy requirement (PER) nearly tripled during the 23-year period, rising from 195,405 TJ to 572,684 TJ. Most of the PER was used for electricity generation, and the electricity use in residential buildings rose from 7556 TJ (2099GWh) to 32,799 TJ (9111GWh), an increase of 334%. Air-conditioning accounted for about 40% of the total residential sector electricity consumption. A total of 144 buildings completed in the month of June during 1992–2001 were surveyed. Energy performance of the building envelopes was investigated in terms of the overall thermal transfer value (OTTV). To develop the appropriated parameters used in OTTV calculation, long-term measured weather data such as ambient temperature (1960–2001), horizontal global solar radiation (1992–2001) and global solar radiation on vertical surfaces (1996–2001) were examined. The OTTV found varied from 27 to 44W/m2 with a mean value of 37.7W/m2. Building energy simulation technique using DOE-2.1E was employed to determine the cooling requirements and hence electricity use for building envelope designs with different OTTVs. It was found that cooling loads and electricity use could be expressed in terms of a simple two-parameter linear regression equation involving OTTV.

Suggested Citation

  • Lam, Joseph C. & Tsang, C.L. & Li, Danny H.W. & Cheung, S.O., 2005. "Residential building envelope heat gain and cooling energy requirements," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(7), pages 933-951.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:30:y:2005:i:7:p:933-951
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2004.07.001
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lam, Joseph C., 1995. "Building envelope loads and commercial sector electricity use in Hong Kong," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 20(3), pages 189-194.
    2. Chou, S.K. & Lee, Y.K., 1988. "A simplified overall thermal transfer value equation for building envelopes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 13(8), pages 657-670.
    3. Li, Danny H.W & Lam, Joseph C, 2000. "Measurements of solar radiation and illuminance on vertical surfaces and daylighting implications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 20(4), pages 389-404.
    4. Turiel, I. & Curtis, R. & Levine, M.D., 1985. "Analysis of energy conservation standards for Singapore office buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 95-107.
    5. Lam, Joseph C., 1996. "An analysis of residential sector energy use in Hong Kong," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 1-8.
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