IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v308y2024ics0360544224027245.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Performance of solid particles as thermal storage media in thermal power flexibility retrofits: Effects of charging and discharging flow rates on single piece stacking bed

Author

Listed:
  • Liu, Xiang
  • Wu, Fengyongkang
  • Lv, Laiquan
  • Wei, Lijia
  • Zhou, Hao

Abstract

An innovative, efficient, and cost-effective energy storage method was introduced for retrofitting thermal power plants, which can be connected in series to scale up quickly (like a battery) and aimed to replace expensive, hazardous molten salts. Charging/discharging processes among steam and solid particles were investigated using energy storage devices with capacities in the tens of kilowatts. Results of the study confirm the excellent performance of steel waste as a thermal energy storage medium. Key findings include that the time required for complete charging decreases from 75 to 300 kg/h, taking 173, 128, 106, and 105 min, respectively. The most efficient charging occurs when the bed temperature is most inhomogeneous, taking 68, 42, 34, and 28 min for 75–300 kg/h. The highest average charging power and heat transfer coefficient are 5 kW and 210 W/(m2·K) at 300 kg/h. In addition, 145 kg/h achieves optimal speed and quantity coupling, resulting in the highest charging efficiency of approximately 84 %. Time-optimized and efficiency-optimized charging flows are given. Real-time efficiency shows that the poorest temperature uniformity corresponds to the highest charging efficiency, with 145 kg/h exhibiting the strongest thermal inertia and 75 kg/h the weakest. Higher flow rates improve internal heat transfer and reduce stratification, facilitating multiple charge-discharge cycles. At discharge rates of 50, 75, and 100 kg/h, steam production is sustained at approximately 30, 40, and 50 kg/h for 11, 7, and 7 min, respectively. Discharge efficiency increases with flow rate, rising from 30 % to 95 %. Phase transition region migrates at approximately 10∼20 mm/s across different discharge rates, with 75 kg/h showing the fastest discharge state. As the discharge rate increases, the phase transition region's total area proportion rises, reaching about 70 % at 100 kg/h. Research demonstrates the potential of this new energy storage medium for efficient and safe retrofitting of thermal power plants.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Xiang & Wu, Fengyongkang & Lv, Laiquan & Wei, Lijia & Zhou, Hao, 2024. "Performance of solid particles as thermal storage media in thermal power flexibility retrofits: Effects of charging and discharging flow rates on single piece stacking bed," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:308:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224027245
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.132950
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544224027245
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2024.132950?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jacek D. Wojcik & Jihong Wang, 2017. "Technical Feasibility Study of Thermal Energy Storage Integration into the Conventional Power Plant Cycle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1, February.
    2. Mawire, Ashmore & Taole, Simeon H., 2011. "A comparison of experimental thermal stratification parameters for an oil/pebble-bed thermal energy storage (TES) system during charging," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 4766-4778.
    3. Fu, Yue & Wang, Liyuan & Liu, Ming & Wang, Jinshi & Yan, Junjie, 2023. "Performance analysis of coal-fired power plants integrated with carbon capture system under load-cycling operation conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    4. Wang, Zhu & Liu, Ming & Yan, Hui & Yan, Junjie, 2022. "Optimization on coordinate control strategy assisted by high-pressure extraction steam throttling to achieve flexible and efficient operation of thermal power plants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PA).
    5. Zhao, Yongliang & Liu, Ming & Wang, Chaoyang & Li, Xin & Chong, Daotong & Yan, Junjie, 2018. "Increasing operational flexibility of supercritical coal-fired power plants by regulating thermal system configuration during transient processes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 2375-2386.
    6. Ji, Mengting & Lv, Laiquan & Li, Huaan & Zhou, Hao, 2024. "Experimental study of solid particles in thermal energy storage systems for shell and tube heat exchanger: Effect of particle size and flow direction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    7. Juntao Han & Guofeng Lou & Sizong Zhang & Zhi Wen & Xunliang Liu & Jiada Liu, 2019. "The Effects of Coke Parameters and Circulating Flue Gas Characteristics on NOx Emission during Flue Gas Recirculation Sintering Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-20, October.
    8. Yang, Jian & Li, Yanzhong & Li, Cui & Tan, Hongbo, 2024. "Hydrogen pressure-based comparative and applicability analysis of different innovative Claude cycles for large-scale hydrogen liquefaction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Brändle, Gregor & Schönfisch, Max & Schulte, Simon, 2020. "Estimating Long-Term Global Supply Costs for Low-Carbon Hydrogen," EWI Working Papers 2020-4, Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI), revised 10 Aug 2021.
    2. Liu, Zefeng & Wang, Chaoyang & Fan, Jianlin & Liu, Ming & Xing, Yong & Yan, Junjie, 2024. "Enhancing the flexibility and stability of coal-fired power plants by optimizing control schemes of throttling high-pressure extraction steam," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    3. Hou, Guolian & Huang, Ting & Zheng, Fumeng & Huang, Congzhi, 2024. "A hierarchical reinforcement learning GPC for flexible operation of ultra-supercritical unit considering economy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    4. Fu, Yue & Huang, Yan & Xin, Haozhe & Liu, Ming & Wang, Liyuan & Yan, Junjie, 2024. "The pressure sliding operation strategy of the carbon capture system integrated within a coal-fired power plant: Influence factors and energy saving potentials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    5. Chen, Chen & Zhao, Chenyu & Liu, Ming & Wang, Chaoyang & Yan, Junjie, 2024. "Enhancing the load cycling rate of subcritical coal-fired power plants: A novel control strategy based on data-driven feedwater active regulation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
    6. Yang, Tingting & Liu, Ziyuan & Zeng, Deliang & Zhu, Yansong, 2023. "Simulation and evaluation of flexible enhancement of thermal power unit coupled with flywheel energy storage array," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    7. Çam, Eren, 2020. "Optimal Dispatch of a Coal-Fired Power Plant with Integrated Thermal Energy Storage," EWI Working Papers 2020-5, Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI), revised 10 Aug 2021.
    8. Miguel J. Prieto & Juan Á. Martínez & Rogelio Peón & Lourdes Á. Barcia & Fernando Nuño, 2017. "On the Convenience of Using Simulation Models to Optimize the Control Strategy of Molten-Salt Heat Storage Systems in Solar Thermal Power Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1, July.
    9. Yin, Linfei & Xie, Jiaxing, 2022. "Multi-feature-scale fusion temporal convolution networks for metal temperature forecasting of ultra-supercritical coal-fired power plant reheater tubes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).
    10. María Gasque & Federico Ibáñez & Pablo González-Altozano, 2021. "Minimum Number of Experimental Data for the Thermal Characterization of a Hot Water Storage Tank," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-16, August.
    11. Bruch, A. & Molina, S. & Esence, T. & Fourmigué, J.F. & Couturier, R., 2017. "Experimental investigation of cycling behaviour of pilot-scale thermal oil packed-bed thermal storage system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 277-285.
    12. Agnieszka Malec & Tomasz Cholewa & Alicja Siuta-Olcha, 2021. "Influence of Cold Water Inlets and Obstacles on the Energy Efficiency of the Hot Water Production Process in a Hot Water Storage Tank," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-26, October.
    13. Xiang, Yue & Guo, Yongtao & Wu, Gang & Liu, Junyong & Sun, Wei & Lei, Yutian & Zeng, Pingliang, 2022. "Low-carbon economic planning of integrated electricity-gas energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    14. Wu, Chunying & Sun, Lingfang & Piao, Heng & Yao, Lijia, 2024. "Adaptive fuzzy finite time integral sliding mode control of the coordinated system for 350 MW supercritical once-through boiler unit to enhance flexibility," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    15. Zhao, Yongliang & Song, Jian & Liu, Ming & Zhao, Yao & Olympios, Andreas V. & Sapin, Paul & Yan, Junjie & Markides, Christos N., 2022. "Thermo-economic assessments of pumped-thermal electricity storage systems employing sensible heat storage materials," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 431-456.
    16. Meng Yue & Guoqian Ma & Yuetao Shi, 2020. "Analysis of Gas Recirculation Influencing Factors of a Double Reheat 1000 MW Unit with the Reheat Steam Temperature under Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-22, August.
    17. Zhou, Hao & Lai, Zhenya & Cen, Kefa, 2022. "Experimental study on energy storage performances of packed bed with different solid materials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    18. Chen, Chen & Liu, Ming & Li, Mengjie & Wang, Yu & Wang, Chaoyang & Yan, Junjie, 2024. "Digital twin modeling and operation optimization of the steam turbine system of thermal power plants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    19. Ma, Tingshan & Li, Zhengkuan & Lv, Kai & Chang, Dongfeng & Hu, Wenshuai & Zou, Ying, 2024. "Design and performance analysis of deep peak shaving scheme for thermal power units based on high-temperature molten salt heat storage system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    20. Wang, L.X. & Zheng, J.H. & Li, M.S. & Lin, X. & Jing, Z.X. & Wu, P.Z. & Wu, Q.H. & Zhou, X.X., 2019. "Multi-time scale dynamic analysis of integrated energy systems: An individual-based model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C), pages 848-861.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:308:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224027245. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.