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Inhibiting agglomeration of bed particles in CFB burning high-alkali fuel: Experiment, mechanisms and criteria for recirculating bottom ash or selecting alternative bed materials

Author

Listed:
  • Long, Xiaofei
  • Li, Jianbo
  • Wu, Qi
  • Lu, Xiaofeng
  • Zhang, Yuanyuan
  • Li, Dongfang
  • Jeon, Chung-Hwan
  • Zhang, Dongke

Abstract

Bed material agglomeration during circulating fluidised bed (CFB) combustion of high-alkali fuels not only affects stable fluidisation of the solid particles, but also requires extra expenditure to refresh or substitute the bed materials. This work therefore verified experimentally the role of three different bed materials in initiating or mitigating particle agglomeration, led to a proposal of criteria for selecting effective bed materials or recirculating bottom ash. Using XRF, SEM-EDX, XRD analysis and FactSage calculations, results show that the formation of low melting-point K/Na/Ca silicates up to 41.4% at the combustion temperature was responsible for agglomerate formation. However, this may be mitigated by using alternative bed materials rich in either aluminosilicate or alkali-resistant constituents, to form high melting-point akermanite, forsterite and merwinite meanwhile inhibit the slag-liquid phase formation. FactSage calculation also confirmed that a decrease in SiO2 and an increase in Al2O3, CaO and MgO would minimise liquid phase formation. Consequently, two indices including ((K2O + Na2O) × SiO2)1/2/Al2O3 and (K2O + Na2O)/(CaO + MgO), representing the likelihood of alkali silicates formation over the inhibiting effect of Al2O3, CaO and MgO, were proposed and also supported by the available literature data, which provides a reference for selecting alternative bed materials or recirculating bottom ash in CFB.

Suggested Citation

  • Long, Xiaofei & Li, Jianbo & Wu, Qi & Lu, Xiaofeng & Zhang, Yuanyuan & Li, Dongfang & Jeon, Chung-Hwan & Zhang, Dongke, 2024. "Inhibiting agglomeration of bed particles in CFB burning high-alkali fuel: Experiment, mechanisms and criteria for recirculating bottom ash or selecting alternative bed materials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:289:y:2024:i:c:s0360544223034205
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.130026
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Liu, Zhuo & Li, Jianbo & Long, Xiaofei & Lu, Xiaofeng, 2022. "Mechanisms and characteristics of ash layer formation on bed particles during circulating fluidized bed combustion of Zhundong lignite," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    2. Chi, Hetian & Pans, Miguel A. & Sun, Chenggong & Liu, Hao, 2022. "Effectiveness of bed additives in abating agglomeration during biomass air/oxy combustion in a fluidised bed combustor," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 945-958.
    3. Morris, Jonathan D. & Daood, Syed Sheraz & Nimmo, William, 2022. "The use of kaolin and dolomite bed additives as an agglomeration mitigation method for wheat straw and miscanthus biomass fuels in a pilot-scale fluidized bed combustor," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 749-762.
    4. Garcia, Eduardo & Liu, Hao, 2022. "Ilmenite as alternative bed material for the combustion of coal and biomass blends in a fluidised bed combustor to improve combustion performance and reduce agglomeration tendency," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PA).
    5. Furuvik, Nora C.I.S. & Wang, Liang & Jaiswal, Rajan & Thapa, Rajan & Eikeland, Marianne S. & Moldestad, Britt M.E., 2022. "Experimental study and SEM-EDS analysis of agglomerates from gasification of biomass in fluidized beds," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    6. Tanakorn Kittivech & Suneerat Fukuda, 2019. "Effect of Bed Material on Bed Agglomeration for Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Gasification in a Bubbling Fluidised Bed System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-16, November.
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