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Battery thermal management strategy utilizing a secondary heat pump in electric vehicle under cold-start conditions

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  • Lee, Sangwook
  • Chung, Yoong
  • Lee, Yoo Il
  • Jeong, Yeonwoo
  • Kim, Min Soo

Abstract

When an energy storage system (ESS) operates in cold conditions, the power and capacity of the battery critically fade. Therefore, an appropriate battery thermal management strategy (BTMS) is essential to prevent severe driving range loss at low ambient temperatures. However, none of existing studies considered the effect of BTMS on the driving range from a systematic perspective. Thus, we evaluated the trade-off between the performance enhancement by ESS heating and the additional energy consumption for ESS heating. We suggested and analyzed three BTMSs combined with a secondary heat pump: self-heating, active heating, and heat recovery. Active heating of the battery augmented the driving range of the EV by up to 18.8% over the self-heating strategy when the battery was used to full depletion, whereas the heat recovery strategy reduced the state-of-charge (SOC) decrease and thus increased EV driving range in nondepleted conditions. Furthermore, battery preheating with the heat pump achieved a temperature rise of 20 °C within an hour, consuming 38.4% less battery power than with conventional electric heater preheating. We expect this study contributes to the range extension of EV by suggesting the optimal BTMS depending on the driving conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Lee, Sangwook & Chung, Yoong & Lee, Yoo Il & Jeong, Yeonwoo & Kim, Min Soo, 2023. "Battery thermal management strategy utilizing a secondary heat pump in electric vehicle under cold-start conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:269:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223002219
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.126827
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ahn, Jae Hwan & Kang, Hoon & Lee, Ho Seong & Jung, Hae Won & Baek, Changhyun & Kim, Yongchan, 2014. "Heating performance characteristics of a dual source heat pump using air and waste heat in electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 1-9.
    2. Lee, Sangwook & Chung, Yoong & Kim, Sunjin & Jeong, Yeonwoo & Kim, Min Soo, 2023. "Predictive optimization method for the waste heat recovery strategy in an electric vehicle heat pump system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    3. Tarhan, Burak & Yetik, Ozge & Karakoc, Tahir Hikmet, 2021. "Hybrid battery management system design for electric aircraft," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    4. Jiang, Jiuchun & Ruan, Haijun & Sun, Bingxiang & Zhang, Weige & Gao, Wenzhong & Wang, Le Yi & Zhang, Linjing, 2016. "A reduced low-temperature electro-thermal coupled model for lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 804-816.
    5. Duong, Van-Huan & Bastawrous, Hany Ayad & See, Khay Wai, 2017. "Accurate approach to the temperature effect on state of charge estimation in the LiFePO4 battery under dynamic load operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 560-571.
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    1. Yetik, Ozge & Morali, Ugur & Karakoc, Tahir Hikmet, 2023. "A numerical study of thermal management of lithium-ion battery with nanofluid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    2. Li, Junqiu & Xue, Qiao & Gao, Zhuo & Liu, Zengcheng & Xiao, Yansheng, 2024. "Frequency varying heating strategy for lithium-ion battery rapid preheating under subzero temperature considering the limitation of on-board current," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 365(C).

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