IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v269y2023ics0360544222033515.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

From coal to variable renewables: Impact of flexible electric vehicle charging on the future Indian electricity sector

Author

Listed:
  • Shu, Tony
  • Papageorgiou, Dimitri J.
  • Harper, Michael R.
  • Rajagopalan, Srinivasan
  • Rudnick, Iván
  • Botterud, Audun

Abstract

India ranks third globally in overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with power and transportation first and third, respectively, in terms of India's sectoral GHG contributions. Motivated by India's Nationally Determined Contribution goals and stated intent to drive renewables growth and vehicle electrification, this paper explores the connections between India's power and road transportation sectors by investigating the benefits of flexible electric vehicle (EV) charging on a set of hypothetical 2037 Indian power grid infrastructures. Using two production cost models, one simulating optimal unit commitment and hourly dispatch of available generation, the other simulating subhourly real-time dispatch operations, we examine the impact of flexible and inflexible EV charging regimes and vehicle-to-grid integration on generation profiles, peak load shaving, energy storage utilization, and overall emissions. Our techno-economic analysis shows that a number of future grid infrastructure scenarios, despite not specifically accounting for EV growth scenarios, may meet annual and hourly peak demand when combined with flexible EV charging; in contrast, inflexible EV charging, particularly during the early morning, will lead to substantial need for additional generation capacity. Coupled sectoral decarbonization remains tied to the grid generation mix, highlighting the need for continued policy focus on decarbonization of the rapidly growing power sector.

Suggested Citation

  • Shu, Tony & Papageorgiou, Dimitri J. & Harper, Michael R. & Rajagopalan, Srinivasan & Rudnick, Iván & Botterud, Audun, 2023. "From coal to variable renewables: Impact of flexible electric vehicle charging on the future Indian electricity sector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:269:y:2023:i:c:s0360544222033515
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.126465
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544222033515
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2022.126465?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dallinger, David & Gerda, Schubert & Wietschel, Martin, 2013. "Integration of intermittent renewable power supply using grid-connected vehicles – A 2030 case study for California and Germany," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 666-682.
    2. Bansal, Prateek & Kockelman, Kara M. & Schievelbein, Will & Schauer-West, Scott, 2018. "Indian vehicle ownership and travel behavior: A case study of Bengaluru, Delhi and Kolkata," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 2-8.
    3. McPherson, Madeleine & Ismail, Malik & Hoornweg, Daniel & Metcalfe, Murray, 2018. "Planning for variable renewable energy and electric vehicle integration under varying degrees of decentralization: A case study in Lusaka, Zambia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 332-346.
    4. Wang, Jianhui & Liu, Cong & Ton, Dan & Zhou, Yan & Kim, Jinho & Vyas, Anantray, 2011. "Impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on power systems with demand response and wind power," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(7), pages 4016-4021, July.
    5. Tianguang Lu & Peter Sherman & Xinyu Chen & Shi Chen & Xi Lu & Michael McElroy, 2020. "India’s potential for integrating solar and on- and offshore wind power into its energy system," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-10, December.
    6. Graabak, Ingeborg & Wu, Qiuwei & Warland, Leif & Liu, Zhaoxi, 2016. "Optimal planning of the Nordic transmission system with 100% electric vehicle penetration of passenger cars by 2050," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 648-660.
    7. Richardson, David B., 2013. "Electric vehicles and the electric grid: A review of modeling approaches, Impacts, and renewable energy integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 247-254.
    8. Dhar, Subash & Shukla, Priyadarshi R., 2015. "Low carbon scenarios for transport in India: Co-benefits analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 186-198.
    9. Nunes, Pedro & Farias, Tiago & Brito, Miguel C., 2015. "Enabling solar electricity with electric vehicles smart charging," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 10-20.
    10. Soares M.C. Borba, Bruno & Szklo, Alexandre & Schaeffer, Roberto, 2012. "Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as a way to maximize the integration of variable renewable energy in power systems: The case of wind generation in northeastern Brazil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 469-481.
    11. Huo, Hong & Zhang, Qiang & He, Kebin & Yao, Zhiliang & Wang, Michael, 2012. "Vehicle-use intensity in China: Current status and future trend," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 6-16.
    12. Laha, Priyanka & Chakraborty, Basab & Østergaard, Poul Alberg, 2020. "Electricity system scenario development of India with import independence in 2030," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 627-639.
    13. Laha, Priyanka & Chakraborty, Basab, 2021. "Low carbon electricity system for India in 2030 based on multi-objective multi-criteria assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    14. Xinyu Chen & Hongcai Zhang & Zhiwei Xu & Chris P. Nielsen & Michael B. McElroy & Jiajun Lv, 2018. "Impacts of fleet types and charging modes for electric vehicles on emissions under different penetrations of wind power," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 3(5), pages 413-421, May.
    15. Uddin, Kotub & Jackson, Tim & Widanage, Widanalage D. & Chouchelamane, Gael & Jennings, Paul A. & Marco, James, 2017. "On the possibility of extending the lifetime of lithium-ion batteries through optimal V2G facilitated by an integrated vehicle and smart-grid system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 710-722.
    16. Szinai, Julia K. & Sheppard, Colin J.R. & Abhyankar, Nikit & Gopal, Anand R., 2020. "Reduced grid operating costs and renewable energy curtailment with electric vehicle charge management," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    17. Jafari, Mehdi & Korpås, Magnus & Botterud, Audun, 2020. "Power system decarbonization: Impacts of energy storage duration and interannual renewables variability," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 1171-1185.
    18. Doucette, Reed T. & McCulloch, Malcolm D., 2011. "Modeling the CO2 emissions from battery electric vehicles given the power generation mixes of different countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 803-811, February.
    19. Mallapragada, Dharik S. & Papageorgiou, Dimitri J. & Venkatesh, Aranya & Lara, Cristiana L. & Grossmann, Ignacio E., 2018. "Impact of model resolution on scenario outcomes for electricity sector system expansion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1231-1244.
    20. Lin, Boqiang & Wu, Wei, 2021. "The impact of electric vehicle penetration: A recursive dynamic CGE analysis of China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    21. Amir F. N. Abdul-Manan & Victor Gordillo Zavaleta & Avinash Kumar Agarwal & Gautam Kalghatgi & Amer A. Amer, 2022. "Electrifying passenger road transport in India requires near-term electricity grid decarbonisation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.
    22. Ranjit Deshmukh & Amol Phadke & Duncan S. Callaway, 2021. "Least-cost targets and avoided fossil fuel capacity in India’s pursuit of renewable energy," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 118(13), pages 2008128118-, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Rosa, Carmen Brum & Francescatto, Matheus Binotto & Neuenfeldt Júnior, Alvaro Luiz & Bernardon, Daniel Pinheiro & dos Santos, Laura Lisiane Callai, 2023. "Regulatory analysis of E-mobility for Brazil: A comparative review and outlook," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    2. Zhiwei Liao & Bowen Wang & Wenjuan Tao & Ye Liu & Qiyun Hu, 2024. "Research on Decision Optimization and the Risk Measurement of the Power Generation Side Based on Quantile Data-Driven IGDT," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-21, March.
    3. Kim, Jaeyeob & Jin, Taeyoung & Lee, Tae Eui & Kim, Dowon, 2024. "Evaluation of decarbonization cost transfer: From transport to power sector in South Korea," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    4. Göke, Leonard & Weibezahn, Jens & Kendziorski, Mario, 2023. "How flexible electrification can integrate fluctuating renewables," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).
    5. D. K. Achal & G. S. Vijaya, 2024. "Vendor Partnerships in Sustainable Supply Chains in the Indian Electric Two-Wheeler Industry—A Systematic Review of the Literature," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-18, August.
    6. Seljom, Pernille & Rosenberg, Eva & Haaskjold, Kristina, 2024. "The effect and value of end-use flexibility in the low-carbon transition of the energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    7. Sorknæs, Peter & Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck & Knobloch, Kai & Engelbrecht, Kurt & Yuan, Meng, 2023. "Economic potentials of carnot batteries in 100% renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rahman, Syed & Khan, Irfan Ahmed & Khan, Ashraf Ali & Mallik, Ayan & Nadeem, Muhammad Faisal, 2022. "Comprehensive review & impact analysis of integrating projected electric vehicle charging load to the existing low voltage distribution system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    2. Li, Bo & Ma, Ziming & Hidalgo-Gonzalez, Patricia & Lathem, Alex & Fedorova, Natalie & He, Gang & Zhong, Haiwang & Chen, Minyou & Kammen, Daniel M., 2021. "Modeling the impact of EVs in the Chinese power system: Pathways for implementing emissions reduction commitments in the power and transportation sectors," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    3. Yong, Jia Ying & Ramachandaramurthy, Vigna K. & Tan, Kang Miao & Mithulananthan, N., 2015. "A review on the state-of-the-art technologies of electric vehicle, its impacts and prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 365-385.
    4. Yan, Jie & Zhang, Jing & Liu, Yongqian & Lv, Guoliang & Han, Shuang & Alfonzo, Ian Emmanuel Gonzalez, 2020. "EV charging load simulation and forecasting considering traffic jam and weather to support the integration of renewables and EVs," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 623-641.
    5. Poullikkas, Andreas, 2015. "Sustainable options for electric vehicle technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 1277-1287.
    6. Knüpfer, Kristina & Mäll, Martin & Esteban, Miguel & Shibayama, Tomoya, 2021. "Review of mixed-technology vehicle fleet evolution and representation in modelling studies: Policy contexts of Germany and Japan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    7. Zhong, Zewei & Zeng, Yun & Zhao, Xiaoli & Zhang, Sufang, 2024. "The social benefits resulting from electric vehicle smart charging balancing economy and decarbonization," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 113-124.
    8. Atia, Raji & Yamada, Noboru, 2015. "More accurate sizing of renewable energy sources under high levels of electric vehicle integration," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 918-925.
    9. Yumiko Iwafune & Kazuhiko Ogimoto & Hitoshi Azuma, 2019. "Integration of Electric Vehicles into the Electric Power System Based on Results of Road Traffic Census," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-21, May.
    10. Østergaard, P.A. & Lund, H. & Thellufsen, J.Z. & Sorknæs, P. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2022. "Review and validation of EnergyPLAN," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    11. Hota, Ashish Ranjan & Juvvanapudi, Mahesh & Bajpai, Prabodh, 2014. "Issues and solution approaches in PHEV integration to smart grid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 217-229.
    12. Mwasilu, Francis & Justo, Jackson John & Kim, Eun-Kyung & Do, Ton Duc & Jung, Jin-Woo, 2014. "Electric vehicles and smart grid interaction: A review on vehicle to grid and renewable energy sources integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 501-516.
    13. Soares, N. & Martins, A.G. & Carvalho, A.L. & Caldeira, C. & Du, C. & Castanheira, É. & Rodrigues, E. & Oliveira, G. & Pereira, G.I. & Bastos, J. & Ferreira, J.P. & Ribeiro, L.A. & Figueiredo, N.C. & , 2018. "The challenging paradigm of interrelated energy systems towards a more sustainable future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 171-193.
    14. Wu, Wei & Lin, Boqiang, 2021. "Benefits of electric vehicles integrating into power grid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    15. Bellekom, Sandra & Benders, René & Pelgröm, Steef & Moll, Henk, 2012. "Electric cars and wind energy: Two problems, one solution? A study to combine wind energy and electric cars in 2020 in The Netherlands," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 859-866.
    16. Runsen Zhang & Tatsuya Hanaoka, 2022. "Cross-cutting scenarios and strategies for designing decarbonization pathways in the transport sector toward carbon neutrality," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    17. Romo, R. & Micheloud, O., 2015. "Power quality of actual grids with plug-in electric vehicles in presence of renewables and micro-grids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 189-200.
    18. Szinai, Julia K. & Sheppard, Colin J.R. & Abhyankar, Nikit & Gopal, Anand R., 2020. "Reduced grid operating costs and renewable energy curtailment with electric vehicle charge management," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    19. Frew, Bethany A. & Becker, Sarah & Dvorak, Michael J. & Andresen, Gorm B. & Jacobson, Mark Z., 2016. "Flexibility mechanisms and pathways to a highly renewable US electricity future," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 65-78.
    20. Daina, Nicolò & Sivakumar, Aruna & Polak, John W., 2017. "Modelling electric vehicles use: a survey on the methods," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 447-460.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:269:y:2023:i:c:s0360544222033515. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.