IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v262y2023ipbs0360544222024987.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Sooting transition diagnostics in counter-flow flames of C4 isomer fuels

Author

Listed:
  • Chen, Chen
  • Zhao, Xuan
  • Qi, Dandan
  • Yang, Kaixuan
  • Xu, Lei
  • Li, Tianjiao
  • Ying, Yaoyao
  • Liu, Dong

Abstract

Macroscopic transition processes of soot formation for 1-butene, isobutene, n-butane and isobutane counterflow diffusion flames from sooting-free to heavy-sooting were studied by varying fuel concentration (XF) in the fuel stream. A novel optical diagnostic algorithm was proposed to classify different sooting transition stages in flames. Effects of saturated/unsaturated bonds and linear/branched structures of fuel molecules on the sooting transition were investigated in details. Flame species were detected and quantified by on-line gas chromatography and also kinetic analysis was performed. KL factor was obtained by optical diagnostics to qualitatively compare soot concentrations. Results showed that XF required for 1-butene flame to reach the critical state of macroscopic sooting transition was the lowest, followed by isobutene, isobutane and n-butane flames. Fuels with higher sooting tendencies could achieve entire sooting transition process with a narrower range of XF. Linear butane was more difficult to achieve the sooting transition than branched butane, while linear 1-butene was easier to form soot than branched butene, reflecting the difference between isomeric structures acting on C4 alkenes and alkanes. These might be largely due to the close association of allyl (C3H5-A) with 1-butene. Higher C3 species content in isobutane flame made it have higher sooting tendency than n-butane.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Chen & Zhao, Xuan & Qi, Dandan & Yang, Kaixuan & Xu, Lei & Li, Tianjiao & Ying, Yaoyao & Liu, Dong, 2023. "Sooting transition diagnostics in counter-flow flames of C4 isomer fuels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:262:y:2023:i:pb:s0360544222024987
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.125612
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544222024987
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2022.125612?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zheng, Zunqing & Xia, Mingtao & Liu, Haifeng & Wang, Xiaofeng & Yao, Mingfa, 2018. "Experimental study on combustion and emissions of dual fuel RCCI mode fueled with biodiesel/n-butanol, biodiesel/2,5-dimethylfuran and biodiesel/ethanol," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 824-838.
    2. Mark Z. Jacobson, 2001. "Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols," Nature, Nature, vol. 409(6821), pages 695-697, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Liu, Qianqian & Sun, Jingyun & Li, Shuanglong & Zhang, Feng & Gu, Mingyan & Wang, Yang, 2024. "Study of soot microscopic characteristics in hydrogen/methane/ethylene co-flow diffusion flame," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    2. Chen, Chen & Liu, Dong, 2023. "Review of effects of zero-carbon fuel ammonia addition on soot formation in combustion," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Song Gao, 2015. "Managing short-lived climate forcers in curbing climate change: an atmospheric chemistry synopsis," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 5(2), pages 130-137, June.
    2. Zhao, Rui & Liu, Dong, 2022. "Temperature dependence of chemical effects of ethanol and dimethyl ether mixing on benzene and PAHs formation in ethylene counter-flow diffusion flames," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    3. Liu, Yang & Cheng, Xiaobei & Qin, Longjiang & Wang, Xin & Yao, Junjie & Wu, Hui, 2020. "Experimental investigation on soot formation characteristics of n-heptane/butanol isomers blends in laminar diffusion flames," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    4. Xiuyun Min & Jun Wu & Jian Lu & Chunliang Gao, 2019. "Effects of Yak Dung Biomass Black Carbon on the Soil Physicochemical Properties of the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-11, March.
    5. Thanigaivelan Vadivelu & Lavanya Ramanujam & Rajesh Ravi & Shivaprasad K. Vijayalakshmi & Manoranjitham Ezhilchandran, 2022. "An Exploratory Study of Direct Injection (DI) Diesel Engine Performance Using CNSL—Ethanol Biodiesel Blends with Hydrogen," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-13, December.
    6. PCS Devara & K Vijayakumar & SVB Rao & CK Jayasankar & SM Sonbawne & BN Holben & DM Giles, 2019. "Study of Aerosols Over Indian Subcontinent During El Nino and La Nina Events: Inferring Land-Air-Sea Interactions," International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 16(5), pages 99-108, January.
    7. Zhao, Wenbin & Mi, Shijie & Wu, Haoqing & Zhang, Yaoyuan & He, Zhuoyao & Qian, Yong & Lu, Xingcai, 2022. "Towards a comprehensive understanding of mode transition between biodiesel-biobutanol dual-fuel ICCI low temperature combustion and conventional CI combustion - Part ΙΙ: A system optimization at low l," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    8. Peng Zhang & Tianzeng Chen & Qingxin Ma & Biwu Chu & Yonghong Wang & Yujing Mu & Yunbo Yu & Hong He, 2022. "Diesel soot photooxidation enhances the heterogeneous formation of H2SO4," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    9. Chu, Huaqiang & Han, Weiwei & Cao, Wenjian & Gu, Mingyan & Xu, Guangju, 2019. "Effect of methane addition to ethylene on the morphology and size distribution of soot in a laminar co-flow diffusion flame," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 392-400.
    10. Rai, Ranjeet Kumar & Sahoo, Rashmi Rekha, 2019. "Effective power and effective power density analysis for water in diesel emulsion as fuel in diesel engine performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 893-902.
    11. Rami Y. Dahham & Haiqiao Wei & Jiaying Pan, 2022. "Improving Thermal Efficiency of Internal Combustion Engines: Recent Progress and Remaining Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-60, August.
    12. Lv, Zongyan & Wu, Lin & Yang, Zhiwen & Yang, Lei & Fang, Tiange & Mao, Hongjun, 2023. "Comparison on real-world driving emission characteristics of CNG, LNG and Hybrid-CNG buses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    13. Thomas, Justin Jacob & Sabu, V.R. & Nagarajan, G. & Kumar, Suraj & Basrin, G., 2020. "Influence of waste vegetable oil biodiesel and hexanol on a reactivity controlled compression ignition engine combustion and emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    14. Johnson, Eric, 2003. "LPG: a secure, cleaner transport fuel? A policy recommendation for Europe," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 31(15), pages 1573-1577, December.
    15. Daniel Carrión & W. Victoria Lee & Diana Hernández, 2018. "Residual Inequity: Assessing the Unintended Consequences of New York City’s Clean Heat Transition," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, January.
    16. Kunshan Bao & Ji Shen & Guoping Wang & Chuanyu Gao, 2015. "Anthropogenic Black Carbon Emission Increase during the Last 150 Years at Coastal Jiangsu, China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(7), pages 1-17, July.
    17. Liu, Junheng & Wu, Pengcheng & Ji, Qian & Sun, Ping & Wang, Pan & Meng, Zhongwei & Ma, Hongjie, 2022. "Experimental study on effects of pilot injection strategy on combustion and emission characteristics of diesel/methanol dual-fuel engine under low load," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    18. Yuh-Yih Wu & Ching-Tzan Jang, 2019. "Combustion Analysis of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition in a Motorcycle Engine Using a Dual-Fuel with Exhaust Gas Recirculation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-21, March.
    19. Fırat, Müjdat & Melih Şenocak, Şafak & Okcu, Mutlu & Varol, Yasin & Altun, Şehmus, 2023. "Ozone-assisted combustion and emission control in RCCI engines: A comprehensive study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    20. Dovern, Jonas & Harnisch, Sebastian & Klepper, Gernot & Platt, Ulrich & Oschlies, Andreas & Rickels, Wilfried, 2015. "Radiation Management: Gezielte Beeinflussung des globalen Strahlungshaushalts zur Kontrolle des anthropogenen Klimawandels," Kiel Discussion Papers 549/550, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:262:y:2023:i:pb:s0360544222024987. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.