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Analytical study on changes in domestic hot water use caused by COVID-19 pandemic

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  • Kim, Dongwoo
  • Yim, Taesu
  • Lee, Jae Yong

Abstract

COVID-19 made considerable changes in the lifestyle of people, which have led to a rise in energy use in homes. So, this study investigated the relationship between COVID-19 and domestic hot water demands. For this purpose, a nondimensional and principal component analysis were conducted to find out the influencing factors using demand data before and after COVID-19 from our study site. Analysis showed that the COVID-19 outbreak affected the daily peak time and the amount of domestic hot water usage, the active case number of COVID-19 was a good indicator for correlating the changes in hot water demand and patterns. Based on this, a machine learning model with an artificial neural network was developed to predict hot water demand depending on the severity of COVID-19 and the relevant correlation was also derived. The model analysis showed that the increase in the number of active cases in the region affected the hot water demand increased at a certain rate and the maximum demand peak in morning during weekdays and weekends decreased. Furthermore, if the number of active cases reached more than 4000, the peak in morning moved to afternoon so that the energy use patterns of weekdays and weekends are assimilated.

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  • Kim, Dongwoo & Yim, Taesu & Lee, Jae Yong, 2021. "Analytical study on changes in domestic hot water use caused by COVID-19 pandemic," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:231:y:2021:i:c:s0360544221011634
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.120915
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Yin, Linfei & Xiong, Yi, 2024. "Fast-apply deep autoregressive recurrent proximal policy optimization for controlling hot water systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 367(C).
    4. Indre Siksnelyte-Butkiene, 2021. "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic to the Sustainability of the Energy Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-19, November.
    5. Tomasz Wołowiec & Iuliia Myroshnychenko & Ihor Vakulenko & Sylwester Bogacki & Anna Maria Wiśniewska & Svitlana Kolosok & Vitaliy Yunger, 2022. "International Impact of COVID-19 on Energy Economics and Environmental Pollution: A Scoping Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-26, November.
    6. Atienza-Márquez, Antonio & Domínguez Muñoz, Fernando & Fernández Hernández, Francisco & Cejudo López, José Manuel, 2022. "Domestic hot water production system in a hospital: Energy audit and evaluation of measures to boost the solar contribution," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).
    7. Ibrahim Ali Kachalla & Christian Ghiaus, 2024. "Electric Water Boiler Energy Prediction: State-of-the-Art Review of Influencing Factors, Techniques, and Future Directions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-32, January.
    8. Tomasz Cieślik & Piotr Narloch & Adam Szurlej & Krzysztof Kogut, 2022. "Indirect Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Natural Gas Consumption by Commercial Consumers in a Selected City in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-18, February.

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