IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v207y2020ics0360544220313529.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Are shocks to disaggregated renewable energy consumption permanent or temporary for the USA? Wavelet based unit root test with smooth structural shifts

Author

Listed:
  • Aydin, Mucahit
  • Pata, Ugur Korkut

Abstract

Non-stationary renewable energy consumption can be permanently affected by supply, demand and policy shocks, and in this case renewable energy promoting policies can be implemented effectively. It is therefore important to determine which type of renewable energy is stationary. To this end, we introduce a new wavelet-based unit root test which takes into account the smooth structural changes and frequency components in the series. With this method we investigate the stationary of the renewable energy consumption for the US over the period 1973m01-2019m09. To compare the results, we also use conventional ADF and wavelet-based ADF unit root tests that do not take into account structural breaks. The findings of the wavelet-based Fourier ADF unit root test indicate that biofuels energy consumption is stationary, while geothermal, waste, and wind energy consumption are non-stationary. Furthermore, the findings of the wavelet-based ADF unit root test indicate that while hydropower energy consumption is stationary at levels, solar, wood, total biomass, and total renewable energy consumption contain a unit root. Overall, we conclude that renewable energy policies implemented in the US have permanent effects on seven types of renewable energy consumption, whereas these policies have temporary effects on hydropower and biofuels energy consumption.

Suggested Citation

  • Aydin, Mucahit & Pata, Ugur Korkut, 2020. "Are shocks to disaggregated renewable energy consumption permanent or temporary for the USA? Wavelet based unit root test with smooth structural shifts," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:207:y:2020:i:c:s0360544220313529
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118245
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544220313529
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118245?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kumar Narayan, Paresh & Smyth, Russell, 2007. "Are shocks to energy consumption permanent or temporary? Evidence from 182 countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 333-341, January.
    2. Kumar Narayan, Paresh & Narayan, Seema & Popp, Stephan, 2010. "Energy consumption at the state level: The unit root null hypothesis from Australia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(6), pages 1953-1962, June.
    3. Payne, James E. & Vizek, Maruška & Lee, Junsoo, 2017. "Is there convergence in per capita renewable energy consumption across U.S. States? Evidence from LM and RALS-LM unit root tests with breaks," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 715-728.
    4. Chen, Pei-Fen & Lee, Chien-Chiang, 2007. "Is energy consumption per capita broken stationary? New evidence from regional-based panels," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(6), pages 3526-3540, June.
    5. Paresh Kumar Narayan & Stephan Popp, 2010. "A new unit root test with two structural breaks in level and slope at unknown time," Journal of Applied Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(9), pages 1425-1438.
    6. Cai, Yifei & Menegaki, Angeliki N., 2019. "Fourier quantile unit root test for the integrational properties of clean energy consumption in emerging economies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 324-334.
    7. Gençay, Ramazan & Gençay, Ramazan & Selçuk, Faruk & Whitcher, Brandon J., 2001. "An Introduction to Wavelets and Other Filtering Methods in Finance and Economics," Elsevier Monographs, Elsevier, edition 1, number 9780122796708.
    8. Kapetanios, George & Shin, Yongcheol & Snell, Andy, 2006. "Testing For Cointegration In Nonlinear Smooth Transition Error Correction Models," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 22(2), pages 279-303, April.
    9. Ralf Becker & Walter Enders & Junsoo Lee, 2006. "A Stationarity Test in the Presence of an Unknown Number of Smooth Breaks," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(3), pages 381-409, May.
    10. Aydin, Mucahit, 2019. "A New Nonlinear Wavelet-Based Unit Root Test with Structural Breaks," MPRA Paper 98693, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Mishra, Vinod & Sharma, Susan & Smyth, Russell, 2009. "Are fluctuations in energy consumption per capita transitory? Evidence from a panel of Pacific Island countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(6), pages 2318-2326, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kassouri, Yacouba, 2022. "Boom-bust cycles in oil consumption: The role of explosive bubbles and asymmetric adjustments," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    2. Samuel John E. Parreño, 2024. "Assessing the Stationarity of Per Capita Electricity Consumption: Time Series Analysis in ASEAN Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(2), pages 46-52, March.
    3. Mohammad Al-Shboul & Aktham Maghyereh, 2023. "Did real economic uncertainty drive risk connectedness in the oil–stock nexus during the COVID-19 outbreak? A partial wavelet coherence analysis," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 12(1), pages 1-23, December.
    4. Zhao, Qin & Zhang, Houcheng & Hu, Ziyang & Li, Yangyang, 2021. "An alkaline fuel cell/direct contact membrane distillation hybrid system for cogenerating electricity and freshwater," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    5. Peter S. Sephton, 2024. "Finite Sample Lag Adjusted Critical Values and Probability Values for the Fourier Wavelet Unit Root Test," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 64(2), pages 693-705, August.
    6. Adedoyin Isola Lawal, 2023. "Determinants of Renewable Energy Consumption in Africa: Evidence from System GMM," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-19, February.
    7. Adedoyin Isola Lawal, 2023. "The Nexus between Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, Agricultural Output, and CO 2 in Africa: Evidence from Frequency Domain Estimates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-27, January.
    8. Ding, Qian & Huang, Jianbai & Chen, Jinyu & Luo, Xianfeng, 2024. "Climate warming, renewable energy consumption and rare earth market: Evidence from the United States," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    9. Akram, Vaseem & Ali, Jabir, 2022. "Do countries converge in natural resources rents? Evidence from club convergence analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    10. Badri Narayan Rath & Vaseem Akram, 2021. "Popularity of Unit Root Tests - A Review," Asian Economics Letters, Asia-Pacific Applied Economics Association, vol. 2(4), pages 1-5.
    11. Hu, Bo & Zhou, P., 2022. "Can the renewable power consumption guarantee mechanism help activate China's power trading market?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    12. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Ranjbar, Omid & Lee, Chi-Chuan, 2021. "Testing the persistence of shocks on renewable energy consumption: Evidence from a quantile unit-root test with smooth breaks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PB).
    13. Schneider, Nicolas & Strielkowski, Wadim, 2023. "Modelling the unit root properties of electricity data—A general note on time-domain applications," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 618(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ozcan, Burcu & Ozturk, Ilhan, 2016. "A new approach to energy consumption per capita stationarity: Evidence from OECD countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 332-344.
    2. Schneider, Nicolas & Strielkowski, Wadim, 2023. "Modelling the unit root properties of electricity data—A general note on time-domain applications," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 618(C).
    3. Wang, Yuan & Li, Li & Kubota, Jumpei & Zhu, Xiaodong & Lu, Genfa, 2016. "Are fluctuations in Japan’s consumption of non-fossil energy permanent or transitory?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 187-196.
    4. Adewuyi, Adeolu O. & Wahab, Bashir A. & Adeboye, Olusegun S., 2020. "Stationarity of prices of precious and industrial metals using recent unit root methods: Implications for markets’ efficiency," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    5. Lean, Hooi Hooi & Smyth, Russell, 2013. "Are fluctuations in US production of renewable energy permanent or transitory?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 483-488.
    6. Smyth, Russell & Narayan, Paresh Kumar, 2015. "Applied econometrics and implications for energy economics research," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 351-358.
    7. Golpe, Antonio A. & Carmona, Monica & Congregado, Emilio, 2012. "Persistence in natural gas consumption in the US: An unobserved component model," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 594-600.
    8. Eda Fendoğlu, 2021. "Stationarity Test of Renewable Energy Consumption with Fractional Frequency Fourier Unit Root Test: Evidence from BRICS-T Countries," Alphanumeric Journal, Bahadir Fatih Yildirim, vol. 9(1), pages 99-110, June.
    9. Smyth, Russell, 2013. "Are fluctuations in energy variables permanent or transitory? A survey of the literature on the integration properties of energy consumption and production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 371-378.
    10. Barros, Carlos Pestana & Gil-Alana, Luis A. & Payne, James E., 2013. "U.S. Disaggregated renewable energy consumption: Persistence and long memory behavior," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 425-432.
    11. Aslan, Alper & Kum, Hakan, 2011. "The stationary of energy consumption for Turkish disaggregate data by employing linear and nonlinear unit root tests," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 4256-4258.
    12. Erdogan, Sinan & Akalin, Guray & Oypan, Oguz, 2020. "Are shocks to disaggregated energy consumption transitory or permanent in Turkey? New evidence from fourier panel KPSS test," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    13. Meng, Ming & Payne, James E. & Lee, Junsoo, 2013. "Convergence in per capita energy use among OECD countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 536-545.
    14. Paresh Narayan & Russell Smyth, 2014. "Applied Econometrics and a Decade of Energy Economics Research," Monash Economics Working Papers 21-14, Monash University, Department of Economics.
    15. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Omay, Tolga & Roubaud, David, 2019. "Sharp and Smooth Breaks in Unit Root Testing of Renewable Energy Consumption: The Way Forward," MPRA Paper 92176, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 11 Feb 2019.
    16. Akram, Vaseem & Sahoo, Pradipta Kumar & Jangam, Bhushan Praveen, 2019. "Do shocks to electricity consumption revert to its equilibrium? Evidence from Indian states," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    17. Dmitry Burakov, 2019. "Are Oil Shocks Permanent or Temporary? Panel Data Evidence from Crude Oil Production in 15 Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(2), pages 295-298.
    18. Lean, Hooi Hooi & Smyth, Russell, 2014. "Will initiatives to promote hydroelectricity consumption be effective? Evidence from univariate and panel LM unit root tests with structural breaks," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 102-115.
    19. Suleyman Bolat & Murat Belke & Necati Celik, 2013. "Mean Reverting Behavior of Energy Consumption: Evidence from Selected MENA Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 3(4), pages 315-320.
    20. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Kumar Tiwari, Aviral & Ozturk, Ilhan & Farooq, Abdul, 2013. "Are fluctuations in electricity consumption per capita transitory? Evidence from developed and developing economies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 551-554.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:207:y:2020:i:c:s0360544220313529. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.