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Stationarity Test of Renewable Energy Consumption with Fractional Frequency Fourier Unit Root Test: Evidence from BRICS-T Countries

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  • Eda Fendoğlu

Abstract

Countries consume large amounts of coal, oil, and natural gas due to the energy structure dominated by fossil fuels worldwide. For this reason, the rate of renewable energies in countries or country groups in general is below the global average level. In this study, I aimed to test the stationarity of renewable energy consumption for Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkey (the BRICS-T countries), which are in a rapid development. For this purpose, fractional frequency Fourier unit root test, which was introduced to the literature by Bozoklu et al. (2020), was used. Annual data on renewable energy consumption covering the period of 1990–2015 have been accessed from the official database of the World Bank. According to the results obtained, it has been found that the renewable energy consumption of China, one of the BRICS-T countries, is stationary and that other countries contain unit root.

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  • Eda Fendoğlu, 2021. "Stationarity Test of Renewable Energy Consumption with Fractional Frequency Fourier Unit Root Test: Evidence from BRICS-T Countries," Alphanumeric Journal, Bahadir Fatih Yildirim, vol. 9(1), pages 99-110, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:anm:alpnmr:v:9:y:2021:i:1:p:99-110
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17093/alphanumeric.948203
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    BRICS-T; Energy; Fourier Unit Root; Fractional Frequency; Renewable Energy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C01 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - General - - - Econometrics

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