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Microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of corn stalk for solid biofuel production: Optimization of process parameters and characterization of hydrochar

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  • Kang, Kang
  • Nanda, Sonil
  • Sun, Guotao
  • Qiu, Ling
  • Gu, Yongqing
  • Zhang, Tianle
  • Zhu, Mingqiang
  • Sun, Runcang

Abstract

The optimization of microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization for corn stalk was conducted to study the effects of reaction temperature (122.7–257.3 °C), residence time (4.8–55.2 min), and biomass loading (0.98–6.02 g/50 mL H2O) using the response surface methodology. The hydrochars produced from hydrothermal carbonization of cork stalk under different reaction conditions were characterized to understand their physical, chemical, and structural properties. Statistical analysis shows that the carbonization temperature is the dominant parameter determining the product yield as well as heating value and quality of hydrochar. Due to the interactive effects amongst the process parameters, hydrochar mass yield and heating value cannot be maximized simultaneously. The highest energy yield under the predicted optimum conditions of 181.9 °C, 39.7 min and 3.8 g/50 mL H2O reached 80.55%. The higher heating value of 22.82 MJ/kg was observed at 230 °C, 45 min and 2 g/50 mL H2O, which is 41% higher than that of the raw corn stalk. The characterization results reveal that the microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization is a viable process for producing hydrochar, which can be used as a direct solid fuel or auxiliary fuel.

Suggested Citation

  • Kang, Kang & Nanda, Sonil & Sun, Guotao & Qiu, Ling & Gu, Yongqing & Zhang, Tianle & Zhu, Mingqiang & Sun, Runcang, 2019. "Microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of corn stalk for solid biofuel production: Optimization of process parameters and characterization of hydrochar," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:186:y:2019:i:c:s0360544219314677
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.07.125
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    Cited by:

    1. Kang, Kang & Klinghoffer, Naomi B. & ElGhamrawy, Islam & Berruti, Franco, 2021. "Thermochemical conversion of agroforestry biomass and solid waste using decentralized and mobile systems for renewable energy and products," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    2. Xia, Ao & Sun, Chihe & Fu, Qian & Liao, Qiang & Huang, Yun & Zhu, Xun & Li, Qing, 2020. "Biofuel production from wet microalgae biomass: Comparison of physicochemical properties and extraction performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
    3. Ibrahim Shaba Mohammed & Risu Na & Keisuke Kushima & Naoto Shimizu, 2020. "Investigating the Effect of Processing Parameters on the Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization of Corn Stover," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-21, June.
    4. Cheng, Chen & Guo, Qinghua & Ding, Lu & Raheem, Abdul & He, Qing & Shiung Lam, Su & Yu, Guangsuo, 2022. "Upgradation of coconut waste shell to value-added hydrochar via hydrothermal carbonization: Parametric optimization using response surface methodology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    5. Tiago Teribele & Maria Elizabeth Gemaque Costa & Conceição de Maria Sales da Silva & Lia Martins Pereira & Lucas Pinto Bernar & Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro & Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção & Mar, 2023. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Corn Stover: Structural Evolution of Hydro-Char and Degradation Kinetics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-22, April.
    6. Okolie, Jude A. & Nanda, Sonil & Dalai, Ajay K. & Berruti, Franco & Kozinski, Janusz A., 2020. "A review on subcritical and supercritical water gasification of biogenic, polymeric and petroleum wastes to hydrogen-rich synthesis gas," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    7. Zhuang, Xiuzheng & Liu, Jianguo & Zhang, Qi & Wang, Chenguang & Zhan, Hao & Ma, Longlong, 2022. "A review on the utilization of industrial biowaste via hydrothermal carbonization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    8. Imran Khan & Shahariar Chowdhury & Kuaanan Techato, 2022. "Waste to Energy in Developing Countries—A Rapid Review: Opportunities, Challenges, and Policies in Selected Countries of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia towards Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-27, March.
    9. Maria Elizabeth Gemaque Costa & Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção & Tiago Teribele & Lia Martins Pereira & Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro & Marcelo Costa Santo & Carlos Emerson Ferreira da Costa & Maj, 2021. "Characterization of Bio-Adsorbents Produced by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Corn Stover: Application on the Adsorption of Acetic Acid from Aqueous Solutions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-22, December.
    10. Nourhen Hsini & Vahid Saadattalab & Xia Wang & Nawres Gharred & Hatem Dhaouadi & Sonia Dridi-Dhaouadi & Niklas Hedin, 2022. "Activated Carbons Produced from Hydrothermally Carbonized Prickly Pear Seed Waste," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-17, November.
    11. Rezania, Shahabaldin & Oryani, Bahareh & Cho, Jinwoo & Talaiekhozani, Amirreza & Sabbagh, Farzaneh & Hashemi, Beshare & Rupani, Parveen Fatemeh & Mohammadi, Ali Akbar, 2020. "Different pretreatment technologies of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production: An overview," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    12. Leng, Lijian & Zhou, Junhui & Zhang, Weijin & Chen, Jiefeng & Wu, Zhibin & Xu, Donghai & Zhan, Hao & Yuan, Xingzhong & Xu, Zhengyong & Peng, Haoyi & Yang, Zequn & Li, Hailong, 2024. "Machine-learning-aided hydrochar production through hydrothermal carbonization of biomass by engineering operating parameters and/or biomass mixture recipes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    13. Xie, Xiaodi & Peng, Chao & Song, Xinyu & Peng, Nana & Gai, Chao, 2022. "Pyrolysis kinetics of the hydrothermal carbons derived from microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of food waste digestate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).

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